Building on the ubiquity of electric power infrastructure, power line communications (PLC) has been successfully used in diverse application scenarios, including the smart grid and in-home broadband communications systems as well as industrial and home automation. However, the power line channel exhibits deleterious properties, one of which is its hostile noise environment. This article aims for providing a review of noise modeling and mitigation techniques in PLC. Specifically, a comprehensive review of representative noise models developed over the past fifty years is presented, including both the empirical models based on measurement campaigns and simplified mathematical models. Following this, we provide an extensive survey of the suite of noise mitigation schemes, categorizing them into mitigation at the transmitter as well as parametric and nonparametric techniques employed at the receiver. Furthermore, since the accuracy of channel estimation in PLC is affected by noise, we review the literature of joint noise mitigation and channel estimation solutions. Finally, a number of directions are outlined for future research on both noise modeling and mitigation in PLC.

中文翻译：

---

电力线通信中的噪声建模和缓解五十年

基于无处不在的电力基础设施，电力线通信（PLC）已成功应用于各种应用场景，包括智能电网和家庭宽带通信系统以及工业和家庭自动化。然而，电力线通道表现出有害的特性，其中之一是其恶劣的噪声环境。本文旨在提供对 PLC 中噪声建模和缓解技术的回顾。具体来说，对过去五十年开发的代表性噪声模型进行了全面回顾，包括基于测量活动的经验模型和简化的数学模型。在此之后，我们对一系列噪声缓解方案进行了广泛的调查，将它们分类为发射器的缓解以及接收器采用的参数和非参数技术。此外，由于 PLC 中信道估计的准确性受噪声影响，我们回顾了联合噪声抑制和信道估计解决方案的文献。最后，概述了未来对 PLC 中噪声建模和缓解的研究的一些方向。