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Survival of the Fittest: Numerical Modeling of Supernova 2014C
arXiv - CS - Numerical Analysis Pub Date : 2021-02-24 , DOI: arxiv-2102.12581
Felipe Vargas, Fabio De Colle, Daniel Brethauer, Raffaella Margutti, Cristian G. Bernal

Initially classified as a supernova (SN) type Ib, $\sim$ 100 days after the explosion SN\,2014C made a transition to a SN type II, presenting a gradual increase in the H${\alpha}$ emission. This has been interpreted as evidence of interaction between the supernova shock wave and a massive shell previously ejected from the progenitor star. In this paper, we present numerical simulations of the propagation of the SN shock through the progenitor star and its wind, as well as the interaction of the SN ejecta with the massive shell. To determine with high precision the structure and location of the shell, we couple a genetic algorithm to a hydrodynamic and a bremsstrahlung radiation transfer code. We iteratively modify the density stratification and location of the shell by minimizing the variance between X-ray observations and synthetic predictions computed from the numerical model. By assuming spherical symmetry, we found that the shell has a mass of 2.6 M$_\odot$, extends from 1.6 $\times 10^{17}$ cm to $1.87 \times 10^{17}$ cm, implying that it was ejected $\sim 60/(v_w/100 {\rm \; km \; s^{-1}})$ yrs before the SN explosion, and has a density stratification decaying as $\sim r^{-3}$. We found that the product of metallicity by the ionization fraction (due to photo-ionization by the post-shock X-ray emission) %and/or the SN UV radiation is $\sim$ 0.5. Finally, we predict that, if the density stratification follows the same power-law behaviour, the SN will break out from the shell by mid 2022, i.e. 8.5 years after explosion.

中文翻译:

优胜劣汰:超新星2014C的数值建模

最初被分类为超新星(SN)类型Ib,在爆炸SN \,2014C后100天转变为SN类型II,这表明H $ {\ alpha} $的排放量逐渐增加。这已被解释为超新星冲击波与先前从祖先恒星中射出的巨大壳之间相互作用的证据。在本文中,我们提供了SN激波通过前恒星及其风传播以及SN射流与大质量壳相互作用的数值模拟。为了高精度地确定壳体的结构和位置,我们将遗传算法与流体动力学和致辐射辐射传递代码相结合。我们通过最小化X射线观测值和从数值模型计算得出的综合预测值之间的方差,来迭代修改壳体的密度分层和位置。通过假设球面对称,我们发现壳的质量为2.6 M $ _ \ odot $,从1.6 $ \乘以10 ^ {17} $ cm到$ 1.87 \乘以10 ^ {17} $ cm,这意味着它在SN爆炸之前被弹出$ \ sim 60 /(v_w / 100 {\ rm \; km \; s ^ {-1}})$ yrs,密度分层随着$ \ sim r ^ {-3}衰减$。我们发现,电离分数(由于电击后X射线发射引起的电离)和/或SN UV辐射的金属性乘积为0.5。最后,我们预测,如果密度分层遵循相同的幂律行为,则SN将在2022年中期(即爆炸后8.5年)从壳中破裂。
更新日期:2021-02-26
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