This paper describes design, development, and implementation of a multi-channel magnetic electron spectrometer for the application in laser–plasma interaction experiments carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System. Modular design of the spectrometer allows the setup in variable configurations to evaluate the angular distribution of hot electron emission. The angular array configuration of the electron spectrometers consists of 16 channels mounted around the target. The modules incorporate a plastic electron collimator designed to suppress the secondary radiation by absorbing the wide angle scattered electrons and photons inside the collimator. The compact model of the spectrometer measures electron energies in the range from 50 keV to 1.5MeV using ferrite magnets and from 250 keV to 5MeV using stronger neodymium magnets. An extended model of the spectrometer increases the measured energy range up to 21MeV or 35MeV using ferrite or neodymium magnets, respectively. Position to energy calibration was obtained using the particle tracking simulations. The experimental results show the measured angularly resolved electron energy distribution functions from interaction with solid targets. The angular distribution of hot electron temperature, the total flux, and the maximum electron energy show a directional dependence. The measured values of these quantities increase toward the target normal. For a copper target, the average amount of measured electron flux is 1.36 × 10¹¹, which corresponds to the total charge of about 21 nC.

中文翻译：

---

模块化多通道电子光谱仪的设计，用于布拉格Asterix激光系统的激光物质相互作用实验

本文描述了一种多通道磁电子光谱仪的设计，开发和实现，该光谱仪将用于在布拉格Asterix激光系统上进行的激光与等离子体相互作用的实验中。光谱仪的模块化设计允许以可变配置进行设置，以评估热电子发射的角度分布。电子光谱仪的角度阵列配置由安装在靶标周围的16个通道组成。这些模块包含一个塑料电子准直仪，该准直仪设计为通过吸收准直仪内部的广角散射电子和光子来抑制二次辐射。光谱仪的紧凑型模型使用铁氧体磁体测量的电子能量在50 keV至1.5MeV范围内，而使用更强的钕磁体测量的电子能量在250 keV至5MeV范围内。光谱仪的扩展模型分别使用铁氧体或钕磁铁将测得的能量范围提高到21MeV或35MeV。使用粒子跟踪仿真获得了能量校准的位置。实验结果表明，通过与固体靶相互作用，测得的角分辨电子能量分布函数。热电子温度，总通量和最大电子能量的角度分布显示方向相关性。这些量的测量值朝着目标法线方向增加。对于铜靶，测得的平均电子通量为1.36×10 使用粒子跟踪仿真获得了能量校准的位置。实验结果表明，通过与固体靶相互作用，测得的角分辨电子能量分布函数。热电子温度，总通量和最大电子能量的角度分布显示方向相关性。这些量的测量值朝着目标法线方向增加。对于铜靶，测得的平均电子通量为1.36×10 使用粒子跟踪仿真获得了能量校准的位置。实验结果表明，通过与固体靶相互作用，测得的角分辨电子能量分布函数。热电子温度，总通量和最大电子能量的角度分布显示方向相关性。这些量的测量值朝着目标法线方向增加。对于铜靶，测得的平均电子通量为1.36×10¹¹，相当于约21 nC的总电荷。