Modern agriculture promotes non-inversion, ploughless tillage systems, and simplified plant cultivation methods. Environmentally friendly plant production technologies must nevertheless guarantee high yields of good quality. In the years 2017/18–2019/20, studies were carried out in which it was assumed that these conditions could be met by strip soil tillage with simultaneous application of fertilisers and paired-row sowing (strip-till one-pass (ST-OP). Two field experiments were conducted to compare two cereal cultivation technologies: ploughless, non-inversion tillage, seedbed preparation, entire-surface fertilisation, and narrowly spaced row sowing (PL-ES); and ST-OP, with two narrow spaced rows (12 cm apart) in a strip of tilled (paired-row sowing), fertilised soil, and a 24.4-cm-wide inter-row of untilled soil. Fields of winter wheat and spring barley were investigated, assessing plant density and spatial variation, plant height, yield components, and yield. The morphological and physiological indices of the plants and canopies determined were leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf stomatal conductance, and relative chlorophyll content in leaves. The ST-OP technology provides uniform planting in the canopy, especially under conditions of insufficient rainfall. Fields of winter wheat and spring barley cultivated by this method featured shorter plants with more stalks with spikes, and spikes with greater weight and number of grains, than in the fields of cereals grown under PL-ES. The LAI and PAR indices in the narrow inter-rows were similar to the PL-ES technology and higher than in the wide, untilled inter-rows. Leaves of cereals grown under ST-OP contained more chlorophyll and had a higher leaf stomatal conductance. This technology, which provides higher winter wheat and spring barley yields, is an alternative to ploughless tillage with row sowing.

中文翻译：

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一次性耕作技术下的冬小麦和大麦春冠

现代农业促进了非倒栽，免耕耕作制度和简化的植物栽培方法。但是，环保的植物生产技术必须保证高质量的高产量。在2017 / 18-2019 / 20年，进行了一些研究，在这些研究中，假设可以通过条带土壤耕作并同时施肥和成对播种（条耕翻一遍（ST- OP）。进行了两个田间试验，以比较两种谷物栽培技术：无犁耕，不倒茬耕作，苗床准备，整面施肥和窄行播种（PL-ES）；以及ST-OP，两种窄行距耕作（成对行播种），施肥的土壤和耕作土壤的宽度为24.4厘米的行之间（每行12厘米）。调查了冬小麦和春大麦的田地，评估了植物密度和空间变化，植物高度，产量构成和产量。确定的植物和冠层的形态和生理指标为叶面积指数（LAI），光合有效辐射（PAR），叶片气孔导度和叶片中的相对叶绿素含量。ST-OP技术可在树冠上均匀种植，尤其是在降雨不足的情况下。与PL-ES种植的谷物相比，用这种方法栽培的冬小麦和春大麦的田地具有较短的植物，茎秆多，带有穗状花序，穗状花序具有更大的重量和粒数。窄行之间的LAI和PAR指数与PL-ES技术相似，并且比宽行直到行间的LAI和PAR指数都高。在ST-OP下生长的谷物的叶片含有更多的叶绿素，并且具有较高的叶片气孔导度。这项技术可提高冬小麦和春季大麦的单产，是行耕播种的免耕耕作的替代选择。