ABSTRACT

In this study, the observer variability in a 10° achromatic color matching experiment using systematically different primaries under immersive, perceptually neutral (4673 K) and stable adapted viewing conditions have been investigated for four different sets of CIE color matching functions (CMFs). The matching reference was illuminated by a spectrally broadband light source at 70 cd/m² and 4613 K. Fifty-four observers varying in age, gender, ethnicity and eye color participated. The results indicate that certain wavelength regions are more sensitive to generate interobserver variability, such as when a short wavelength primary (404 nm) was applied. Furthermore, of the primary sets investigated, that with peak-wavelengths (636–521–447 nm) close to the “typical” RGB-primaries widely known and used in industry had the smallest interobserver variability. In addition to the significant effect of primary set and CMF set, a significant effect of age on matching variability is also found, whereby the change of the blue primary resulted in a substantial difference in dispersion between younger and older observers, likely caused by age-induced yellowing of the lens. Furthermore, different primary sets tend to have a different impact on intra-observer variability than on interobserver variability. Finally, by comparing the observer variability in the current work with previous studies, the CIE standard deviate observer is found to substantially underestimate the interobserver variability, especially for the primary sets containing a 404 nm LED. Our observers also tend to have similar to smaller inter-variability than those reported in literature, possibly due to methodological differences.

摘要

在这项研究中，我们针对四组不同的 CIE 颜色匹配函数 (CMF) 在沉浸式、感知中性 (4673 K) 和稳定的适应观看条件下使用系统不同的原色进行了 10° 消色差颜色匹配实验中的观察者变异性。^{匹配参考由 70 cd/m 2}的光谱宽带光源照亮和 4613 K. 54 名年龄、性别、种族和眼睛颜色不同的观察者参与其中。结果表明，某些波长区域对产生观察者间的变异性更敏感，例如当应用短波长原色 (404 nm) 时。此外，在所研究的原色组中，峰值波长（636-521-447 nm）接近广为人知并在工业中使用的“典型”RGB原色具有最小的观察者间变异性。除了主集和 CMF 集的显着影响外，还发现了年龄对匹配变异性的显着影响，其中蓝色主集的变化导致年轻和年长观察者之间的离散度存在显着差异，这可能是由年龄-导致镜片变黄。此外，不同的原始数据集对观察者内部变异性的影响往往与对观察者间变异性的影响不同。最后，通过将当前工作中的观察者变异性与以前的研究进行比较，发现 CIE 标准偏差观察者大大低估了观察者间的变异性，特别是对于包含 404 nm LED 的初级组。我们的观察者也倾向于具有比文献中报道的更小的相互变异性，这可能是由于方法学上的差异。