The present study compared the effects of reinforcement or punishment versus no additional consequences for instruction following on instructional control and subsequent rule-governed insensitivity. In two experiments, adult participants were presented with repeated choices between a short progressive-time schedule and either a fixed time-schedule or a longer progressive-time schedule. In Experiment 1, three groups were given an initially accurate instruction relative to the direct contingency. A control group experienced no additional consequences for compliance with instructions, whereas compliance resulted in additional points for a second group, and noncompliance led to the subtraction of points for a third group. In a subsequent phase, instructions became inaccurate and there were no additional consequences for compliance or noncompliance for any group. Consistent with previous results, rule-governed insensitivity was observed in all participants. Experiment 2 employed the same procedure, except instructions were inaccurate throughout all sessions, and compliance in the subsequent phase resulted in diminishing points per session. Reinforcement for following instructions increased instructional control and subsequent rule-governed insensitivity. This increase was maintained even after the termination of additional consequences, a result that supports theoretical suggestions that a history of reinforcement for complying with instructions and rules is an important factor in rule-governed insensitivity.

中文翻译：

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强化和反应成本历史对教学控制的影响

本研究比较了强化或惩罚的影响与没有额外后果的教学控制和随后的规则支配的不敏感. 在两个实验中，成年参与者在短期渐进时间表和固定时间表或较长渐进时间表之间进行重复选择。在实验 1 中，三组被给予了与直接偶然事件相关的最初准确的指导。对照组在遵守指令方面没有经历额外的后果，而遵守导致第二组的额外分数，不遵守导致第三组的分数减少。在随后的阶段，指令变得不准确，并且没有任何群体的合规或不合规产生额外的后果。与之前的结果一致，在所有参与者中都观察到规则控制的不敏感。实验2采用相同的程序，除了在所有课程中的指示都不准确外，后续阶段的遵守导致每次课程的分数减少。对遵循指令的强化增加了教学控制和随后的规则控制的不敏感。即使在附加后果终止后，这种增加仍然保持，这一结果支持理论建议，即遵守指令和规则的强化历史是规则支配的不敏感的重要因素。