Before 2010, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer was barely known to farmers and stakeholders in Italy. Since then, several populations resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides have been collected. In most populations, a known target site resistance‐endowing mutation was found, a Trp to Leu substitution at position 574 of the ALS gene, but it was unclear whether they had evolved resistance independently or not. The aims of the work were (i) to elucidate the population structure of Italian ALS‐resistant A. tuberculatus populations, and (ii) to analyze the ALS haplotypes of the various populations to determine whether resistance arose multiple times independently.

中文翻译：

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意大利A菜的种群结构和对乙酰乳酸合酶（ALS）抑制剂的抗性演变

在2010年之前，意大利农民和利益相关者几乎不知道Amaranthus tuberculatus（Moq。）JD Sauer。从那时起，已经收集了一些对乙酰乳酸合酶（ALS）抑制性除草剂有抗性的种群。在大多数人群中，发现了一个已知的赋予靶位点抗药性的突变，即在ALS基因的574位出现了由Trp取代Leu的突变，但目前尚不清楚他们是否独立地产生了抗药性。这项工作的目的是（i）阐明意大利ALS耐药结核分枝杆菌的种群结构，以及（ii）分析各个种群的ALS单倍型，以确定是否多次独立产生耐药性。