Fostering human–wildlife coexistence requires transdisciplinary approaches that integrate multiple sectors, account for complexity and uncertainty, and ensure stakeholder participation. One such approach is participatory scenario planning, but to date, this approach has not been used in human–wildlife contexts. We devised a template for how participatory scenario planning can be applied to identify potential avenues for improving human–wildlife coexistence. We drew on 3 conceptual building blocks, namely the SEEDS framework, the notion of critical uncertainties, and the three-horizons technique. To illustrate the application of the proposed template, we conducted a case study in the Zambezi region of Namibia. We held 5 multistakeholder workshops that involved local people as well as numerous nongovernment and government stakeholders. We identified 14 important wildlife species that generated multiple services and disservices. The subsequent benefits and burdens, in turn, were inequitably distributed among stakeholders. Government actors played particularly influential roles in shaping social-ecological outcomes. We identified 2 critical uncertainties for the future: the nature of governance (fragmented vs. collaborative) and the type of wildlife economy (hunting vs. photography based). Considering these uncertainties resulted in 4 plausible scenarios describing future human–wildlife coexistence. Stakeholders did not agree on a single preferred scenario, but nevertheless agreed on several high-priority strategies. Bridging the remaining gaps among actors will require ongoing deliberation among stakeholders. Navigating the complex challenges posed by living with wildlife requires moving beyond disciplinary approaches. To that end, our template could prove useful in many landscapes around the world.

中文翻译：

---

参与式情景规划以促进人与野生动物共存

促进人类与野生动物共存需要整合多个部门、考虑复杂性和不确定性并确保利益相关者参与的跨学科方法。其中一种方法是参与式情景规划，但迄今为止，这种方法尚未用于人类与野生动物的环境中。我们设计了一个模板，说明如何应用参与式情景规划来确定改善人类与野生动物共存的潜在途径。我们利用了 3 个概念构建块，即 SEEDS 框架、关键不确定性概念和三视域技术。为了说明建议模板的应用，我们在纳米比亚的赞比西地区进行了案例研究。我们举办了 5 场多方利益相关者研讨会，涉及当地民众以及众多非政府和政府利益相关者。我们确定了 14 种重要的野生动物物种，它们产生了多种服务和损害。随后的利益和负担反过来又在利益相关者之间不公平地分配。政府行为者在塑造社会生态成果方面发挥了特别有影响的作用。我们确定了未来的两个关键不确定性：治理的性质（碎片化与协作）和野生动物经济的类型（狩猎与摄影）。考虑到这些不确定性，我们得出了 4 种描述未来人类与野生动物共存的可能情景。利益相关者没有就单一的首选方案达成一致，但仍就若干高优先级战略达成一致。弥合行动者之间的剩余差距将需要利益相关者之间的持续审议。应对与野生动物一起生活带来的复杂挑战需要超越学科方法。为此，我们的模板可以在世界各地的许多地方证明是有用的。