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Geochemical modeling, fate distribution, and risk exposure of potentially toxic metals in the surface sediment of the Shyok suture zone, northern Pakistan
International Journal of Sediment Research ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2021.02.006
Liaqat Ali , Abdur Rashid , Seema Anjum Khattak , Xubo Gao , Shah Jehan , Asif Javed

The objective of the current study was to assess the contamination of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in weathered surface sediment, along stream tributaries, and surrounding area of the river Chitral, Shyok suture zone district Chitral, Pakistan. To understand the geochemical features of 113 sediment, samples were collected from the Mirkhani and Drosh area. Then, different statistical tools including the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and ecological risk assessment (ERA) were used to unravel the origin, intensity, and exposure level of PTMs to control risk and restore the ecosystem within the study area. The results for the PTMs namely nickle (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cobalt (Co) in Mirkhani and Drosh were in the following ranges: 10–150, 15–210, 15–250, 0.08–1.00, 10–70, 76–240 and 14–51; and 13–240, 17–210, 15–150, 0.08–0.60, 7–140, 47–150 and 13–36 mg/kg, respectively. In consequence, the potential ecological risk caused by Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Zn is reflected by the percentages of samples with an ecological risk index (ERI) greater than one which were 100%, 91%, 100%, 100%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. However, the overall mean decreasing order of ecological risk of PTMs in the district Chitral was Pb > Ni > Cu > Co > Cr > Zn > Cd. Moreover, the PCA yielded 78% variability which indicated that mineral prospects play an important role in the contamination of sediment. Furthermore, the mineral phases of Pb and Zn suggested supersaturation, while that for Cd revealed unsaturation. The results of Igeo, ERI, and CA indicated contamination of PTMs in the study area. The ERI value of Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Zn was higher than 1 suggesting an ecological risk in the study area. Moreover, the current study showed the dominance of geogenic contamination with major contributions from ultramafic rock and known mineral prospects. Therefore, contaminated sediment of the Shyok suture zone is extremely detrimental to the aquatic ecosystem of the study area.



中文翻译:

巴基斯坦北部 Shyok 缝合带表层沉积物中潜在有毒金属的地球化学模型、归宿分布和风险暴露

当前研究的目的是评估风化表层沉积物中潜在有毒金属 (PTM) 的污染,沿河流支流,以及巴基斯坦奇特拉尔 Shyok 缝合区地区奇特拉尔河周边地区。为了了解 113 种沉积物的地球化学特征,从 Mirkhani 和 Drosh 地区收集了样品。然后,使用不同的统计工具,包括地理积累指数(Igeo)、聚类分析(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)和生态风险评估(ERA)来揭示 PTMs 的来源、强度和暴露水平,控制风险,恢复研究区内的生态系统。Mirkhani 和 Drosh 中镍 (Ni)、铬 (Cr)、铜 (Cu)、镉 (Cd)、铅 (Pb)、锌 (Zn) 和钴 (Co) 的 PTM 结果在以下范围内: 10–150, 15–210、15–250、0.08–1.00、10–70、76–240 和 14–51;和 13–240、17–210、15–150、0.08–0.60、7–140、47–150 和 13–36 毫克/公斤。因此,Pb、Ni、Cu、Co、Cr 和 Zn 引起的潜在生态风险表现为生态风险指数(ERI)大于 1 的样本百分比分别为 100%、91%、100%、分别为 100%、92% 和 100%。然而,Chitral 区 PTMs 生态风险总体平均递减顺序为 Pb > Ni > Cu > Co > Cr > Zn > Cd。此外,PCA 产生了 78% 的变异性,这表明矿产远景在沉积物污染中起着重要作用。此外,Pb 和 Zn 的矿物相表明过饱和,而 Cd 的矿物相表明不饱和。Igeo、ERI、和 CA 表明研究区域中 PTM 受到污染。Pb、Ni、Cu、Co、Cr 和 Zn 的 ERI 值均高于 1,表明研究区存在生态风险。此外,目前的研究表明,超基性岩和已知矿物前景的主要贡献是地质成因污染的主导地位。因此,Shyok缝合带污染的沉积物对研究区的水生生态系统极为不利。

更新日期:2021-02-26
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