In an integrated energy system (IES), the operating state of each energy subsystem changes relatively frequently, which can seriously threaten the security of IES operation. A systematic data-driven approach is proposed for detecting anomalies and analyzing the dynamics of IES vulnerability. Firstly, an anomaly detection method is introduced to determine whether there are anomalies in the system operation. The method can be set up even if the data labels for discriminating the anomalies are unknown, often the cause in practice. Secondly, a method of complex network phase theory is proposed to model information propagation among IES nodes representative of the IES physical entities. Complex network models can then be constructed to describe the system behavior in different operating conditions and over different time horizons. The degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality are used as indications to analyze changes in IES vulnerability. Finally, a method is proposed to identify the critical points of the IES from the point of view of its vulnerability. The new approach is applied to analyze the vulnerability of an IES in Spain. The results show that the proposed methods allow revealing system anomalies, vulnerability and weaknesses. Outcomes from an analysis by these methods can be used by managers to take defensive measures in advance for preventing and mitigating the impact of potential factors and threats on the IES.

在集成能源系统（IES）中，每个能源子系统的运行状态变化相对频繁，这可能严重威胁IES运行的安全性。提出了一种系统的数据驱动方法来检测异常并分析IES漏洞的动态。首先，介绍一种异常检测方法，以判断系统运行中是否存在异常。即使用于区分异常的数据标签是未知的（通常是实际原因），也可以设置该方法。其次，提出了一种复杂网络相位理论的方法来对代表IES物理实体的IES节点之间的信息传播进行建模。然后可以构建复杂的网络模型来描述不同操作条件和不同时间范围内的系统行为。中央度 中间性中心性和紧密性中心性被用作分析IES脆弱性变化的指示。最后，提出了一种从IES的脆弱性角度确定IES关键点的方法。该新方法用于分析IES在西班牙的脆弱性。结果表明，所提出的方法可以揭示系统异常，漏洞和弱点。通过这些方法进行分析得出的结果可以被管理人员用来提前采取防御措施，以预防和减轻潜在因素和威胁对IES的影响。该新方法用于分析IES在西班牙的脆弱性。结果表明，所提出的方法可以揭示系统异常，漏洞和弱点。通过这些方法进行分析得出的结果可以被管理人员用来提前采取防御措施，以预防和减轻潜在因素和威胁对IES的影响。该新方法用于分析IES在西班牙的脆弱性。结果表明，所提出的方法可以揭示系统异常，漏洞和弱点。通过这些方法进行分析得出的结果可以被管理人员用来提前采取防御措施，以预防和减轻潜在因素和威胁对IES的影响。