In preparation for the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury, thematic working groups had been established for coordinating the activities within the BepiColombo Science Working Team in specific fields. Here we describe the scientific goals of the Geodesy and Geophysics Working Group (GGWG) that aims at addressing fundamental questions regarding Mercury’s internal structure and evolution. This multidisciplinary investigation will also test the gravity laws by using the planet Mercury as a proof mass. The instruments on the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), which are devoted to accomplishing the GGWG science objectives, include the BepiColombo Laser Altimeter (BELA), the Mercury orbiter radio science experiment (MORE), and the MPO magnetometer (MPO-MAG). The onboard Italian spring accelerometer (ISA) will greatly aid the orbit reconstruction needed by the gravity investigation and laser altimetry. We report the current knowledge on the geophysics, geodesy, and evolution of Mercury after the successful NASA mission MESSENGER and set the prospects for the BepiColombo science investigations based on the latest findings on Mercury’s interior. The MPO spacecraft of the BepiColombo mission will provide extremely accurate measurements of Mercury’s topography, gravity, and magnetic field, extending and improving MESSENGER data coverage, in particular in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, the dual-spacecraft configuration of the BepiColombo mission with the Mio spacecraft at higher altitudes than the MPO spacecraft will be fundamental for decoupling the internal and external contributions of Mercury’s magnetic field. Thanks to the synergy between the geophysical instrument suite and to the complementary instruments dedicated to the investigations on Mercury’s surface, composition, and environment, the BepiColombo mission is poised to advance our understanding of the interior and evolution of the innermost planet of the solar system.

为了准备ESA / JAXA BepiColombo对水星的访问，已经成立了主题工作组，以协调BepiColombo科学工作组在特定领域内的活动。在这里，我们描述了大地测量与地球物理学工作组（GGWG）的科学目标，该工作组旨在解决有关水星内部结构和演化的基本问题。这项多学科研究还将通过使用水星行星作为证明质量来测试重力定律。致力于实现GGWG科学目标的水星行星轨道器（MPO）上的仪器包括BepiColombo激光测高仪（BELA），水星轨道无线电科学实验（MORE）和MPO磁力计（MPO-MAG）。机载意大利弹簧加速度计（ISA）将极大地帮助重力调查和激光测高所需的轨道重建。在成功完成NASA任务“信使”之后，我们将报告有关水星的地球物理学，大地测量学和演化的最新知识，并根据有关水星内部的最新发现确定BepiColombo科学调查的前景。BepiColombo任务的MPO航天器将提供水星的地形，重力和磁场的极其精确的测量，从而扩大和改善MESSENGER数据的覆盖范围，特别是在南半球。此外，BepiColombo任务的双飞船配置与 成功完成NASA任务“信使”之后水星的变化和演化，并根据水星内饰的最新发现为BepiColombo科学调查奠定了基础。BepiColombo任务的MPO航天器将提供水星的地形，重力和磁场的极其精确的测量，从而扩大和改善MESSENGER数据的覆盖范围，特别是在南半球。此外，BepiColombo任务的双飞船配置与 成功完成NASA任务“信使”之后水星的变化和演化，并根据水星内饰的最新发现为BepiColombo科学调查奠定了基础。BepiColombo任务的MPO航天器将提供水星的地形，重力和磁场的极其精确的测量，从而扩大和改善MESSENGER数据的覆盖范围，特别是在南半球。此外，BepiColombo任务的双飞船配置与 特别是在南半球。此外，BepiColombo任务的双飞船配置与 特别是在南半球。此外，BepiColombo任务的双飞船配置与与MPO航天器相比，高海拔的Mio航天器将是去耦水星磁场的内部和外部贡献的基础。由于地球物理仪器套件之间的协同作用以及致力于研究水星表面，成分和环境的辅助仪器之间的协同作用，BepiColombo任务有望加深我们对太阳系最内部行星的内部和演化的了解。