:Traditional accounts of the Eighteenth and Twenty-first Amendments to the U.S. Constitution largely ignore the role of the major political parties. We argue that partisan politics was an integral part of the constitutional politics of this period. The need to manage divisions within both parties’ electoral coalitions during the transition from the third to the fourth-party systems led to the enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment without support from either national party. While most accounts trace prohibition’s demise to widespread noncompliance and the graft it generated, we argue that elite congressional support for prohibition gave way when civil service reforms removed federal prohibition agents as patronage resources. We also argue that by giving states control of designing state conventions, and thereby risking state malapportionment of conventions, Democrats succeeded in overcoming the traditional fissures that divided their southern and northern wings.

中文翻译：

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宪法选择：美国的政党、团体和禁令政治

: 美国宪法第十八和二十一条修正案的传统叙述在很大程度上忽略了主要政党的作用。我们认为，党派政治是这一时期宪政政治不可分割的一部分。在从第三党制过渡到第四党制的过程中，需要管理两党选举联盟内的分歧，导致在没有任何一个国家党的支持的情况下颁布了第十八修正案。虽然大多数帐户都将禁令的消亡归咎于广泛的违规行为及其产生的贪污，但我们认为，当公务员制度改革取消联邦禁令代理人作为赞助资源时，精英国会对禁令的支持让位了。我们还认为，通过让各州控制设计州公约，