:At the behest of the Roosevelt administration in 1935, the U.S. Senate established a special committee to investigate lobbying activities by opponents of the “death sentence” of the Public Utility Holding Company Bill. Chaired by Hugo L. Black (D-Ala.), the “Black Committee” expanded its mission into a more general probe of anti–New Deal organizations and individuals. The committee used highly intrusive methods, notably catch-all dragnet subpoenas, to secure evidence. It worked closely with the IRS for access to tax returns and with the FCC to obtain copies of millions of telegrams. When the telegram search became public information, there was a major backlash from the press, Congress, and the courts. Court rulings in 1936, resulting from suits by William Randolph Hearst and others, not only limited the committee’s powers but provided important checks for future investigators, including Senator Joseph McCarthy.

中文翻译：

---

新政大规模监视：“黑人宗教裁判所”，1935-1936

：1935年，在罗斯福政府的授意下，美国参议院成立了一个特别委员会，调查反对公用事业控股公司法案“死刑”的游说活动。由 Hugo L. Black (D-Ala.) 担任主席的“黑人委员会”将其使命扩大到对反新政组织和个人进行更广泛的调查。该委员会使用高度侵入性的方法，特别是笼统的拉网传票，以获取证据。它与美国国税局密切合作以获取纳税申报表，并与联邦通信委员会密切合作以获取数百万份电报的副本。当电报搜索成为公共信息时，媒体、国会和法院都强烈反对。1936 年法院裁决，由威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特和其他人提起诉讼，