Neoclassical economics is based on and structured around the notion of homo economicus. The theory of consumer choice, the theory of the firm, industrial organization, and welfare theorems all require the assumption that agents act in accordance with the scheme of individualistic rational optimization. In this context, our contribution is threefold. First, we delimit the notion of homo economicus according to five characteristics or dimensions. Second, we critically review this anthropological scheme from five distinct approaches, namely, behavioral economics, institutional economics, political economy, economic anthropology, and ecological economics. Third, we conclude that the scheme of homo economicus is clearly inadequate and deficient. However, despite its inadequacies, it remains one of the fundamental pillars of the neoclassical paradigm in economics, which allows us to discuss why we have not yet overcome this paradigm.

中文翻译：

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从五种方法批判经济人

新古典经济学是基于同质经济学的概念而构建的。消费者选择理论，公司理论，产业组织理论和福利定理都要求假设代理商按照个人理性优化方案行事。在这种情况下，我们的贡献是三倍的。首先，我们根据五个特征或维度来界定经济人的概念。其次，我们从五种截然不同的方法，即行为经济学，制度经济学，政治经济学，经济人类学和生态经济学中，对这一人类学方案进行了批判性的考察。第三，我们得出结论，同等经济方案显然是不充分和不足的。但是，尽管有不足之处，