Funding information Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Grant/Award Number: P20HD091013 Abstract Numerous studies on statistical learning (SL) have demonstrated humans' sensitivity to complex statistical properties in their sensory environment. These observations have had a profound impact on the study of language, highlighting statistical aspects of the linguistic input that can be learned from experience, leading to the widespread claim that SL plays a key role in language acquisition and processing. But how can this theorized link be experimentally demonstrated? One increasingly popular avenue comes from studies of individual differences, which tie individual variability in SL to variance in linguistic behavior. This review presents the theoretical advances stemming from this line of research, as well as some of the challenges it currently faces. It contends that while previous studies had an important role in establishing the existence of some coarse-grained link between SL and language, recent developments in SL research suggest that the exact nature of this relationship is more complex than originally conceived and is still far from being fully understood. I specifically discuss three outstanding challenges: (a) understanding individual differences in light of the componential nature of SL, (b) mapping the full array of SL processes given the complexity of real-world statistics, and (c) estimating the strength of current empirical evidence while taking into account both positive and null findings. Confronting these issues, I argue, is a necessary step towards a full theory of the role of SL across language. Received: 12 May 2019 Revised: 10 December 2019 Accepted: 12 December 2019

中文翻译：

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统计学习能力及其与语言的关系

资助信息Eunice Kennedy Shriver国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所，资助/奖项编号：P20HD091013摘要许多关于统计学习（SL）的研究都证明了人类对他们感官环境中复杂的统计特性的敏感性。这些观察对语言的研究产生了深远的影响，突出了可以从经验中学到的语言输入的统计方面，从而导致人们广泛宣称SL在语言习得和处理中起着关键作用。但是，如何从理论上证明这一理论上的联系呢？一种越来越流行的途径来自对个体差异的研究，这些研究将SL中的个体差异与语言行为的差异联系起来。这篇评论介绍了这一研究领域的理论进展，以及当前面临的一些挑战。它认为，尽管先前的研究在建立SL和语言之间存在某种粗粒度联系方面起着重要作用，但SL研究的最新进展表明，这种关系的确切性质比最初设想的更为复杂，并且距离实现还很遥远完全了解。我具体讨论了三个突出的挑战：（a）根据SL的组成性质来理解个体差异；（b）鉴于现实世界的统计数据的复杂性，映射所有SL流程的映射；以及（c）估算当前的强度经验证据，同时考虑到阳性和无效结果。我认为，面对这些问题是朝着跨语言的SL角色的完整理论迈出的必要步骤。已收到：