This article examines the role of scepticism in the Islamic philosophical tradition. It begins with a treatment of the origins and purpose of these discussions in classical kalām (c. 800–1100 CE). Then it moves on to the more mature discussions treating five forms of scepticism in the post-classical period (c.1200–1800 CE), with the aim of demonstrating how they construed scepticism, the arguments for and against it, and what purposes scepticism played in their system. Three of these types of scepticism are unrestricted, meaning that their denial of knowledge is universal. The other two types are restricted to a denial of inferential knowledge, either entirely, or in certain subjects such as metaphysics and natural philosophy. The discussion will focus on two of the most widely studied works of kalām: Saʿd al-Din al-Taftāzānī's Sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid al-Nasafiyya and Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī's Sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid al-ʿAḍudiyya, including some of their super-commentaries.

中文翻译：

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卡拉姆哲学传统中的怀疑论类型

本文考察了怀疑论在伊斯兰哲学传统中的作用。首先是对经典 kalām（约公元800-1100 年）中这些讨论的起源和目的的处理。然后转向更成熟的讨论，处理后古典时期的五种怀疑主义形式（c.1200-1800 CE），目的是展示他们如何解释怀疑主义，支持和反对它的论据，以及怀疑主义在他们的体系中发挥的作用。其中三种怀疑主义是不受限制的，这意味着他们对知识的否认是普遍的。其他两种类型仅限于对推理知识的否认，或者完全否认，或者在某些学科如形而上学和自然哲学中否认。讨论将集中于 kalām 研究最广泛的两部作品：Saʿd al-Din al-Taftāzānī 的Sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid al-Nasafiyya和 Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī 的Sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid al-ʿAḍudiyya，包括他们的一些超级作品-评论。