While countries of the world look forward to meeting the increasing demand for energy, and improving the welfare of their citizens through provision of jobs, the way energy use affects employment will depend on the status of the country as a net importer or exporter of the most substantially consumed energy. Hence, this study comparatively examines the energy consumption-employment nexus while putting the energy status of countries as net oil importers and net oil exporters into consideration. The empirical results indicate that employment does not respond to energy consumption in the net oil-exporting countries for reasons attributable to inefficient energy use, overdependence on the abundant energy resource deposits and unstable world energy prices. This is unlike the case of the net oil-importing countries where energy consumption significantly drives employment both in the short-run and long-run. Although the short-run impact is negative (−1.921 per cent) due to the immediate impact of high energy prices at certain times, the strong positive long-run impact (10.987 per cent) can be related to energy use efficiency. The results are robust to the consideration of possible outliers in the cross sections. Appropriate policies are drawn for both groups from these findings.

中文翻译：

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石油净进口国和石油净出口国的就业创造：能源消耗的作用

虽然世界各国期待通过提供就业机会满足日益增长的能源需求并改善其公民的福利，但能源使用对就业的影响将取决于该国作为最重要能源的净进口国或出口国的地位。大量消耗能源。因此，本研究在考虑作为石油净进口国和石油净出口国的国家的能源状况的同时，对能源消费与就业之间的关系进行了比较研究。实证结果表明，由于能源使用效率低下、过度依赖丰富的能源资源储量和世界能源价格不稳定等原因，就业对石油净出口国的能源消费没有反应。这与能源消耗在短期和长期显着推动就业的石油净进口国的情况不同。尽管由于高能源价格在某些时候的直接影响，短期影响是负面的（-1.921%），但强大的长期积极影响（10.987%）可能与能源使用效率有关。考虑到横截面中可能的异常值，结果是稳健的。从这些调查结果中为这两个群体制定了适当的政策。考虑到横截面中可能的异常值，结果是稳健的。从这些调查结果中为这两个群体制定了适当的政策。考虑到横截面中可能的异常值，结果是稳健的。从这些调查结果中为这两个群体制定了适当的政策。