Representing one of the most stable regimes in the Middle East, Jordan has been undergoing a process of political liberalization since 1989. Due to the so‐called East Bank‐West Bank cleavage that followed by the influx of Palestinian migrants to Jordan, the country has also come to epitomize a divided society. Within this context, this paper aims to analyze the ongoing prospects for democratization in Jordan through an examination of four persistent debates shaping its electoral pluralism: those over social/identity division, electoral law as a regime‐survival mechanism, the role of the Ikhwan and the IAF's electoral boycotts, and electoral apathy. Finally, the impact of the Arab upheavals/revolts on restructuring the process of political reform — as well as opposition in the kingdom in the post‐2011 era — will be explored with reference to the changing dynamics of Islamist opposition.

中文翻译：

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选举多元化，社会分裂和约旦2016年议会选举

约旦代表了中东最稳定的政权之一，自1989年以来一直在经历政治自由化。由于所谓的东岸-西岸分裂，随后巴勒斯坦移民涌入约旦，该国也代表了分裂的社会。在此背景下，本文旨在通过考察构成其选举多元化的四场长期辩论来分析约旦的民主化前景：社会/身份分裂，选举法作为政权生存机制，伊克旺和IAF的选举抵制和选举冷漠。最后，