The Shi‘a militias that have been involved in the war in Syria since 2011 were dispatched by Iran from neighboring countries, and they have exploited their position as aid‐givers by implementing a long‐term scheme of Iran regarding Syria. This article seeks to define the purpose and modus operandi of the involvement of these militias in Syria, as a case study of Iranian policy throughout the region. The essence and purposes of this regional policy has been analyzed using realistic and soft power approaches, alongside political thought from the Sh'ia Islam and the fundamentals of the Islamic Revolution; the reflection of this policy in Syria is identified by tracing reports and publications regarding the complicity of the Shi‘a militias in the war. The article claims that war‐racked Syria is a sort of test case for Iran protecting itself by attempting to spread its hegemony — and thus deterrence — across the region, a plan that is combined with and carried out through an ideological Jihadist promotion of an Islamic order. Accordingly, the Shi‘a militias are striving to ensure a lasting foothold for Iran in the areas in Syria that are essential to Iranian regional aspirations, by imposing Iranian political, military, and religious influences among these territories and populations.

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Realpolitik和Jihad：伊朗在叙利亚使用什叶派民兵

自2011年以来一直参与叙利亚战争的什叶派民兵是伊朗从邻国派遣的，他们通过实施伊朗针对叙利亚的长期计划，发挥了其提供援助者的作用。本文旨在确定这些民兵在叙利亚的参与目的和作案手法，以此作为整个地区伊朗政策的个案研究。该地区政策的实质和目的已通过现实和软实力的方法进行了分析，并结合了伊斯兰教义的政治思想和伊斯兰革命的基础。通过追踪有关什叶派民兵在战争中的同谋的报告和出版物，可以确定该政策在叙利亚的体现。文章声称，饱经战乱的叙利亚是伊朗试图通过在整个地区散布其霸权（进而威慑）来保卫自己的一个测试案例，该计划与意识形态的圣战分子促进伊斯兰教的结合并通过其实施命令。因此，什叶派民兵通过在这些领土和人口中施加伊朗的政治，军事和宗教影响力，努力确保在叙利亚对伊朗区域愿望至关重要的地区中，伊朗站稳脚跟。