当前位置: X-MOL 学术J. Hymenopt. Res. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps?
Journal of Hymenoptera Research ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 , DOI: 10.3897/jhr.81.61067
Andreas Müller , Martin K. Obrist

Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on the production of disturbance sounds by the postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) of the Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series of brood cells in excavated burrows in pithy plant stems. Upon disturbance, the prepupa produces two types of sounds, one of which can be heard up to a distance of 2–3 m (“stroking sounds”), whereas the other is scarcely audible by bare ear (“tapping sounds”). To produce the stroking sounds, the prepupa rapidly pulls a horseshoe-shaped callosity around the anus one to five times in quick succession over the cocoon wall before it starts to produce tapping sounds by knocking a triangularly shaped callosity on the clypeus against the cocoon wall in long uninterrupted series of one to four knocks per second. Sound analysis revealed that the stroking sounds consist of several syllables, which are very similar to the single syllables of the tapping sounds: both last about 0.5 ms and spread over 40 kHz bandwidth from the audible far into the ultrasonic range. The production of stroking sounds by a prepupa induces other prepupae of the same nest to stroke and/or to tap resulting in a long-lasting and simultaneous albeit unsynchronized percussion by numerous prepupae along the whole nest stem. We hypothesize that these disturbance sounds serve an anti-antagonist function and that they have evolved to disturb the reflectance signals that parasitoid wasps use to localize concealed hosts during vibrational sounding.

中文翻译:

同时将幼虫嵌套在蜂上,这是对付寄生蜂的协同防御策略吗?

干扰拮抗剂的干扰音在昆虫中很普遍,但从未记录到蜜蜂的幼虫。在这里,我们报道了古有机蜂Hoplitis(Alcidamea)tridentata的排便后幼虫(“ prepupa”)产生的干扰声,该幼虫在生的植物茎中的挖洞中构建了线性的育雏细胞系列。受到干扰时,前pu产生两种声音,其中一种声音可以听到2至3 m的距离(“敲击声”),而另一种则几乎不能用裸耳听到(“敲击声”)。为了产生抚摸的声音,前pu迅速地在茧壁上快速连续地在肛门周围拉动一头马蹄形的call骨一到五次,然后开始以连续不间断的一系列不间断的连续方式将蜂巢上的三角形call骨抵靠在茧壁上,从而产生拍打声。每秒四次敲门。声音分析显示,抚摸声由多个音节组成,这与敲击声的单个音节非常相似:持续约0.5毫秒,并从可听见的范围扩展到40 kHz的带宽,直至超声范围。前置草产生的敲击声会引起同一巢的其他前置草发生中风和/或敲击,尽管整个前置茎上的许多前置草都产生了持久而同时的不同步敲击声。
更新日期:2021-02-25
down
wechat
bug