In this study, we surveyed aphids and associated parasitoid wasps from six important crop species (wheat, sweet pepper, eggplant, broad bean, watermelon and sorghum), collected at 12 locations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of eight species of aphids were recorded which were parasitised by eleven species of primary parasitoids belonging to the families Braconidae and Aphelinidae. In addition, four species of hyperparasitoids (in families Encyrtidae, Figitidae, Pteromalidae and Signiphoridae) were recorded. Aphelinus albipodus (Hayat & Fatima, 1992), A. flaviventris (Kurdjumov, 1913), A. varipes (Förster, 1841) (Aphelinidae), Aphidius rhopalosiphi (De Stefani, 1902), A. uzbekistanicus (Luzhetzki, 1960), (Braconidae) and Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902) (Figitidae) were recorded in Iraq for the first time. The results represent the first survey of these interactions in this region and form the basis for understanding crop-aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid networks and for future biological control actions.

中文翻译：

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伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区六种作物上的蚜虫类寄生物和超寄生物（膜翅目）调查

在这项研究中，我们调查了六种重要农作物（小麦，甜椒，茄子，蚕豆，西瓜和高粱）的蚜虫和相关的类寄生蜂，这些农作物是在伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区的12个地点收集的。总共记录了八种蚜虫，它们被属于Braconidae和Aphelinidae科的11种初级寄生虫寄生。此外，还记录了四种超寄生物类（在钩虫科，伞形科，翼龙科和斜纹科中）。Aphelinus albipodus（Hayat＆Fatima，1992），A。flaviventris（Kurdjumov，1913），A。varipes（Förster，1841）（Aphelinidae），Aphidius rhopalosiphi（De Stefani，1902），A。uzbekistanicus（Luzhetzki，1960，） con科（Braconidae）和天蛾（Alloxysta arcuata）（基弗（Kieffer），1902年）（Figitidae）首次在伊拉克记录。