The current work is a review, dedicated to the study of semiclassical aspects of black holes. We begin by briefly looking at the main statements of general relativity. We then consider the Schwarzschild, Kerr, and Reissner-Nordstrom black hole solutions and discuss their geometrical properties. Later, the thermodynamic nature of black holes is established. In light of this, we formulate the information loss problem and present the most promising approaches for addressing it with emphasis on introducing low-energy quantum corrections to the classical general relativity picture. Finally, in the context of multimessenger astronomy, we look at naked singularities as possible gravitational collapse endstates and their role in the unitarity of quantum mechanics and discuss their observational prospects.

中文翻译：

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半古典黑洞的方面：发展和开放问题

当前的工作是一篇评论，致力于研究黑洞的半经典方面。我们首先简要地看一下广义相对论的主要陈述。然后，我们考虑Schwarzschild，Kerr和Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞解决方案，并讨论它们的几何特性。后来，黑洞的热力学性质得以确立。有鉴于此，我们制定了信息丢失问题，并提出了解决该问题的最有前途的方法，重点是向经典的广义相对论中引入了低能量子校正。最后，在多信使天文学的背景下，我们将裸奇点视为可能的引力坍塌终态及其在量子力学统一性中的作用，并讨论它们的观测前景。