Perovskite is a promising photovoltaic material in the sustainable energy field. In inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the bottom p-type hole transport materials play a crucial role in the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) and ambient stability. Nickel oxide (NiO_X) is the most promising inorganic hole transport material for inverted PSCs. However, the inferior interfacial contact of NiO_X/perovskite has limited the improvement of inverted PSC performance. Strategies for handling this interfacial contact issue are scarce, and most of them require expensive equipment and complex preparation procedures. Herein, a new facial route was introduced to enhance the NiO_X/perovskite interfacial contact using a porous morphology produced with a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) additive. Moreover, a bilayer-NiO_X hole transport layer structure was successfully designed and used for fabricating a high-performance inverted PSC. The device exhibited a PCE of 17.57% and sufficient stability in ambient air. Various characterizations were performed to investigate the effect of the bilayer-NiO_X film on device performance. The PSC exhibited superior performance, which was because of the enhanced perovskite film quality and the excellent bilayer-NiO_X charge transfer ability and trap density reduction.

中文翻译：

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使用界面接触工程解决倒钙钛矿太阳能电池中的氧化镍/钙钛矿界面接触问题

钙钛矿是可持续能源领域中很有前途的光伏材料。在倒钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）中，底部的p型空穴传输材料在器件功率转换效率（PCE）和环境稳定性方面起着至关重要的作用。氧化镍（NiO _X）是用于反向PSC的最有希望的无机空穴传输材料。但是，NiO _X /钙钛矿的不良界面接触限制了倒置PSC性能的提高。缺乏解决这种界面接触问题的策略，并且大多数策略都需要昂贵的设备和复杂的制备程序。在这里，引入了一条新的面部路线来增强NiO _X/钙钛矿界面接触，使用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）添加剂产生的多孔形态。此外，成功地设计了双层-NiO _X空穴传输层结构，并将其用于制造高性能倒装PSC。该器件的PCE为17.57％，在环境空气中具有足够的稳定性。进行了各种表征，以研究双层NiO _X膜对器件性能的影响。PSC表现出优异的性能，这是由于钙钛矿膜质量的提高以及双层NiO _X电荷转移能力和陷阱密度的降低所致。