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Atmospheric and Oceanographic Forcing Impact Particle Flux Composition and Carbon Sequestration in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: A Three-Year Time-Series Study in the Deep Ierapetra Basin
Frontiers in Earth Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 , DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.591948
Rut Pedrosa-Pamies , Constantine Parinos , Anna Sanchez-Vidal , Antoni Calafat , Miquel Canals , Dimitris Velaoras , Nikolaos Mihalopoulos , Maria Kanakidou , Nikolaos Lampadariou , Alexandra Gogou

Sinking particles are a critical conduit for the export of organic material from surface waters to the deep ocean. Despite their importance in oceanic carbon cycling, little is known about the biotic composition and seasonal variability of sinking particles reaching abyssal depths. Herein, sinking particle flux data, collected in the deep Ierapetra Basin for a three-year period (June 2010 to June 2013), have been examined at the light of atmospheric and oceanographic parameters and main mass components (lithogenic, opal, carbonates, nitrogen, and organic carbon), stable isotopes of particulate organic carbon (POC) and source-specific lipid biomarkers. Our aim is to improve the current understanding of the dynamics of particle fluxes and the linkages between atmospheric dynamics and ocean biogeochemistry shaping the export of organic matter in the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Overall, particle fluxes showed seasonality and interannual variability over the studied period. POC fluxes peaked in spring April–May 2012 (12.2 mg m−2 d−1) related with extreme atmospheric forcing. Summer export was approximately fourfold higher than mean wintertime, fall and springtime (except for the episodic event of spring 2012), fueling efficient organic carbon sequestration. Lipid biomarkers indicate a high relative contribution of natural and anthropogenic, marine- and land-derived POC during both spring (April–May) and summer (June–July) reaching the deep-sea floor. Moreover, our results highlight that both seasonal and episodic pulses are crucial for POC export, while the coupling of extreme weather events and atmospheric deposition can trigger the influx of both marine labile carbon and anthropogenic compounds to the deep Levantine Sea. Finally, the comparison of time series data of sinking particulate flux with the corresponding biogeochemical parameters data previously reported for surface sediment samples from the deep-sea shed light on the benthic–pelagic coupling in the study area. Thus, this study underscores that accounting the seasonal and episodic pulses of organic carbon into the deep sea is critical in modeling the depth and intensity of natural and anthropogenic POC sequestration, and for a better understanding of the global carbon cycle.



中文翻译:

东地中海的大气和海洋强迫影响粒子通量组成和碳固存:耶拉派特拉深盆地的三年时间序列研究

下沉颗粒是有机物质从地表水到深海出口的关键管道。尽管它们在海洋碳循环中具有重要意义,但对到达深渊深度的沉没颗粒的生物成分和季节变化知之甚少。在此,根据大气和海洋学参数以及主要质量成分(成岩作用,蛋白石,碳酸盐,氮),对在耶拉派特拉盆地深部三年(2010年6月至2013年6月)收集的下沉颗粒通量数据进行了检查。以及有机碳),颗粒有机碳(POC)的稳定同位素和特定于源的脂质生物标志物。我们的目标是增进对粒子通量动力学以及大气动力学和海洋生物地球化学之间的联系的当前理解,该联系塑造了东地中海深部有机物的出口。总体而言,在研究期内,颗粒通量表现出季节性和年际变化性。POC通量在2012年4月至5月的春季达到峰值(12.2 mg / m−2  d −1)与极端大气强迫有关。夏季出口量比冬季,秋季和春季的平均水平高出四倍(2012年春季的偶发事件除外),从而促进了有效的有机碳固存。脂质生物标志物表明,在春季(4月至5月)和夏季(6月至7月)到达深海海底时,天然和人为,海洋和陆地来源的POC的相对贡献较高。此外,我们的结果强调,季节脉冲和突发脉冲对POC出口都至关重要,而极端天气事件和大气沉积的耦合会触发海洋不稳定碳和人为化合物向黎凡特深海的涌入。最后,将下沉颗粒通量的时间序列数据与先前报道的研究区域底栖-上层耦合深海棚灯表面沉积物样本的相应生物地球化学参数数据进行比较。因此,本研究强调指出,计算进入深海的有机碳的季节性和偶发脉冲对于模拟自然和人为POC隔离的深度和强度,以及对全球碳循环有更好的了解至关重要。

更新日期:2021-02-25
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