In recent decades, nanogenerators based on several techniques such as triboelectric effects, piezoelectric effects, or other mechanisms have experienced great developments. The nanoenergy generated by nanogenerators is supposed to be used to overcome the problem of energy supply problems for portable electronics and to be applied to self-powered microsystems including sensors, actuators, integrated circuits, power sources, and so on. Researchers made many attempts to achieve a good solution and have performed many explorations. Massive efforts have been devoted to developing self-powered electronics, such as self-powered communication devices, self-powered human–machine interfaces, and self-powered sensors. To take full advantage of nanoenergy, we need to review the existing applications, look for similarities and differences, and then explore the ways of achieving various self-powered systems with better performance. In this review, the methods of applying nanogenerators in specific circumstances are studied. The applications of nanogenerators are classified into two categories, direct utilization and indirect utilization, according to whether a treatment process is needed. We expect to offer a line of thought for future research on self-powered electronics.

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纳米能量和自供电电子之间的接口

近几十年来，基于多种技术（例如摩擦电效应，压电效应或其他机理）的纳米发电机已经取得了长足的发展。由纳米发电机产生的纳米能量被认为可以解决便携式电子设备的能源供应问题，并可以应用于包括传感器，致动器，集成电路，电源等在内的自供电微系统。研究人员为获得良好的解决方案进行了许多尝试，并进行了许多探索。致力于开发自供电电子设备，例如自供电通信设备，自供电人机界面和自供电传感器。要充分利用纳米能量，我们需要审查现有的应用程序，寻找相似之处和不同之处，然后探索实现各种具有更好性能的自供电系统的方法。在这篇综述中，研究了在特定情况下应用纳米发电机的方法。根据是否需要处理过程，将纳米发电机的应用分为两类，直接利用和间接利用。我们希望为自供电电子的未来研究提供思路。