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Inclusive citizenship and degenderization: A comparison of state support in 22 European countries
Social Policy & Administration ( IF 2.283 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 , DOI: 10.1111/spol.12716
Naomi Finch 1
Affiliation  

This paper argues that welfare state progress needs to be based upon support for “inclusive citizenship” – the right to care, work and earn. Comparative analyses of welfare have often focused on defamilization to capture these dimensions. But inclusive citizenship requires challenging gender roles in both work (public sphere) and care (private sphere), and thus the paper argues that the concept of degenderization is a more suitable analytical tool. This paper adds to our understanding by operationalizing the concept of degenderization to compare how (far) 22 European countries degenderize. Indeed, it goes further to examine not just how much welfare states degenderize but how – whether they focus on degendering both work and care, crucial for “inclusive citizenship”. To examine how states degenderize, it uses a new way of classifying welfare states by examining policy packages using radar charts. It examines how much they degenderize against a yardstick, using the Surface Measure of Overall Performance approach. Seven welfare types were identified, but none fully supported inclusive citizenship. Indeed, the country clusters identified in this study differ from those found by previous studies, challenging commonly held views about which countries ought to be seen as key exemplars. This reflects the paper's distinctive focus on inclusive citizenship – capturing support for degendering care and work – and that it compares countries on the basis of their policy packages. It also examines how approach to and generosity of degenderization are related to gender equality outcomes.

中文翻译:

包容性公民和变性:22 个欧洲国家的国家支持比较

本文认为福利国家的进步需要基于对“包容性公民”的支持——照顾、工作和赚钱的权利。福利的比较分析通常侧重于去家庭化以捕捉这些维度。但包容性公民要求在工作(公共领域)护理(私人领域)中挑战性别角色,因此本文认为变性的概念是更合适的分析工具。这篇论文通过实施变性概念来比较(远)22 个欧洲国家是如何变性的,从而加深了我们的理解。事实上,它不仅进一步检查福利国家在多大程度上进行退化,而且还检查了如何——它们是否专注于使两者都退化工作和照顾,对“包容性公民”至关重要。为了研究国家如何去性别化,它使用了一种通过使用雷达图检查一揽子政策来对福利国家进行分类的新方法。它使用整体绩效的表面测量方法检查他们相对于尺度的退化程度。确定了七种福利类型,但没有一种完全支持包容性公民。事实上,本研究中确定的国家集群与之前的研究发现的不同,挑战了关于哪些国家应该被视为关键范例的普遍看法。这反映了该文件对包容性公民的独特关注——获得对变性护理和工作的支持——并且它根据各国的政策方案对各国进行了比较。
更新日期:2021-02-24
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