Experience sampling studies have shown that people act out of character a lot of the time. These findings have raised the question of potential costs of counter-habitual behavior. The present experience sampling study (N = 242; measurement occasions = 4342) tested, for five behavioral dimensions derived from the Big Five theory, whether self-reported counter-habitual behavior is related to psychological costs in everyday life. The results mostly supported the view that engaging in desirable counter-habitual behaviors is beneficial, though some evidence for counter-habitual costs was found for self-control. Overall, the results suggest that the state-content significance hypothesis better accounts for everyday life behavioral, affective, and self-regulatory processes than the views highlighting the importance of acting according to one’s “true self”.

经验抽样研究表明，人们在很多时候表现不佳。这些发现提出了反习惯行为的潜在成本问题。本次经验抽样研究（N = 242; 测量机会= 4342），针对从“五大”理论得出的五个行为维度进行测试，确定自我报告的反习惯行为是否与日常生活中的心理成本有关。研究结果主要支持这样的观点，即进行一些合意的反习惯行为是有益的，尽管发现一些反习惯成本的证据可以自我控制。总体而言，研究结果表明，状态-内容重要性假说比强调根据“真实自我”行事的重要性的观点更好地解释了日常生活中的行为，情感和自我调节过程。