Decadal changes in fire frequencies shift tree communities and functional traits,Nature Ecology & Evolution

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Decadal changes in fire frequencies shift tree communities and functional traits
Nature Ecology & Evolution ( IF 16.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 , DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01401-7
Adam F A Pellegrini _{1,

2} , Tyler Refsland ₃ , Colin Averill ₄ , César Terrer _{1,

5} , A Carla Staver ₆ , Dale G Brockway ₇ , Anthony Caprio ₈ , Wayne Clatterbuck ₉ , Corli Coetsee _{10,

11} , James D Haywood ₁₂ , Sarah E Hobbie ₁₃ , William A Hoffmann ₁₄ , John Kush ₁₅ , Tom Lewis ₁₆ , W Keith Moser ₁₇ , Steven T Overby ₁₇ , William A Patterson ₁₈ , Kabir G Peay ₁₉ , Peter B Reich _{20,

21} , Casey Ryan ₂₂ , Mary Anne S Sayer ₁₂ , Bryant C Scharenbroch ₂₃ , Tania Schoennagel ₂₄ , Gabriel Reuben Smith _{4,

19} , Kirsten Stephan ₂₅ , Chris Swanston ₂₆ , Monica G Turner ₂₇ , J Morgan Varner ₂₈ , Robert B Jackson _{1,

29,

30}

Affiliation

Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Auburn, AL, USA.
National Parks Service, Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks, Three Rivers, CA, USA.
Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa.
School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Pineville, LA, USA.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
School of Forestry & Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
Forestry Program, Holdsworth Natural Resources Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, USA.
Department of Geography, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Houghton, MI, USA.
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Global change has resulted in chronic shifts in fire regimes. Variability in the sensitivity of tree communities to multi-decadal changes in fire regimes is critical to anticipating shifts in ecosystem structure and function, yet remains poorly understood. Here, we address the overall effects of fire on tree communities and the factors controlling their sensitivity in 29 sites that experienced multi-decadal alterations in fire frequencies in savanna and forest ecosystems across tropical and temperate regions. Fire had a strong overall effect on tree communities, with an average fire frequency (one fire every three years) reducing stem density by 48% and basal area by 53% after 50 years, relative to unburned plots. The largest changes occurred in savanna ecosystems and in sites with strong wet seasons or strong dry seasons, pointing to fire characteristics and species composition as important. Analyses of functional traits highlighted the impact of fire-driven changes in soil nutrients because frequent burning favoured trees with low biomass nitrogen and phosphorus content, and with more efficient nitrogen acquisition through ectomycorrhizal symbioses. Taken together, the response of trees to altered fire frequencies depends both on climatic and vegetation determinants of fire behaviour and tree growth, and the coupling between fire-driven nutrient losses and plant traits.

中文翻译：

火灾频率的年代际变化改变了树木群落和功能特征

全球变化导致了火灾规律的长期变化。树木群落对火灾规律的数十年变化的敏感性变化对于预测生态系统结构和功能的变化至关重要，但仍知之甚少。在这里，我们探讨了火灾对树木群落的总体影响以及控制 29 个地点的敏感性的因素，这些地点在热带和温带地区的稀树草原和森林生态系统中经历了多年火灾频率的变化。火灾对树木群落具有强烈的整体影响，与未燃烧的地块相比，平均火灾频率（每三年一次火灾）在 50 年后使树干密度减少 48%，根面积减少 53%。最大的变化发生在稀树草原生态系统和强雨季或强旱季的地点，指出火灾特征和物种组成同样重要。对功能性状的分析突出了火灾驱动的土壤养分变化的影响，因为频繁燃烧有利于生物量氮和磷含量低的树木，并且通过外生菌根共生更有效地获取氮。总之，树木对变化的火灾频率的反应取决于火灾行为和树木生长的气候和植被决定因素，以及火灾驱动的养分损失与植物性状之间的耦合。并通过外生菌根共生更有效地获取氮。总之，树木对变化的火灾频率的反应取决于火灾行为和树木生长的气候和植被决定因素，以及火灾驱动的养分损失与植物性状之间的耦合。并通过外生菌根共生更有效地获取氮。总之，树木对变化的火灾频率的反应取决于火灾行为和树木生长的气候和植被决定因素，以及火灾驱动的养分损失与植物性状之间的耦合。

更新日期：2021-02-25

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