The direct β-functionalization of saturated aza-heterocycles has remained a synthetic challenge because of the remote and unactivated nature of β-C–H bonds in these motifs. Herein, we demonstrate the β-functionalization of saturated aza-heterocycles enabled by a two-step organic photoredox catalysis approach. Initially, a photoredox-catalyzed copper-mediated dehydrogenation of saturated aza-heterocycles produces ene-carbamates. This is followed by an anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of the ene-carbamates with a range of heteroatom-containing nucleophiles furnishing an array of C–C, C–O, and C–N aza-heterocycles at the β-position.

中文翻译：

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有机光氧化还原催化实现饱和氮杂杂环的β-功能化

由于这些基序中 β-C-H 键的远程和未活化性质，饱和氮杂杂环的直接 β-官能化仍然是一个合成挑战。在此，我们展示了通过两步有机光氧化还原催化方法实现的饱和氮杂杂环的β-功能化。最初，光氧化还原催化的铜介导的饱和氮杂杂环脱氢产生烯氨基甲酸酯。然后用一系列含杂原子的亲核试剂对烯氨基甲酸酯进行反马尔科夫尼科夫加氢功能化，在 β 位提供一系列 C-C、C-O 和 C-N 氮杂杂环。