Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems. However, we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm in biology that can help to describe and understand these complex systems. It posits that a host and its associated microbiota with which it interacts, form a holobiont, and have to be studied together as a coherent biological and functional unit to understand its biology, ecology, and evolution. Here we discuss critical concepts and opportunities in marine holobiont research and identify key challenges in the field. We highlight the potential economic, sociological, and environmental impacts of the holobiont concept in marine biological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. Given the connectivity and the unexplored biodiversity specific to marine ecosystems, a deeper understanding of such complex systems requires further technological and conceptual advances, e.g., the development of controlled experimental model systems for holobionts from all major lineages and the modeling of (info)chemical-mediated interactions between organisms. Here we propose that one significant challenge is to bridge cross-disciplinary research on tractable model systems in order to address key ecological and evolutionary questions. This first step is crucial to decipher the main drivers of the dynamics and evolution of holobionts and to account for the holobiont concept in applied areas, such as the conservation, management, and exploitation of marine ecosystems and resources, where practical solutions to predict and mitigate the impact of human activities are more important than ever.

中文翻译：

---

社区对海洋全生命周期概念的看法：现状，挑战和未来方向

宿主与微生物的相互作用在海洋生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。但是，我们对控制这些关系的机制，影响它们的进化过程及其生态后果仍然知之甚少。全息概念是生物学的新范式，可以帮助描述和理解这些复杂的系统。它假定一个宿主及其与其相互作用的微生物群，形成一个整体，必须作为一个统一的生物学和功能单元进行研究，以了解其生物学，生态学和进化。在这里，我们讨论了海洋整体生物研究中的关键概念和机遇，并确定了该领域的关键挑战。我们着重指出了全卤叶生物概念在海洋生物，进化，和环境科学。考虑到海洋生态系统所具有的连通性和未开发的生物多样性，对这种复杂系统的更深入了解需要进一步的技术和概念发展，例如，开发来自所有主要谱系的全生物的受控实验模型系统，以及（信息）化学模型的建模。生物之间的介导相互作用。在这里，我们提出一个重大挑战是，在可处理模型系统的跨学科研究之间架起桥梁，以解决关键的生态和进化问题。第一步对于破译全生命周期动力学和进化的主要驱动力，并解释全生命周期概念在应用领域（例如海洋生态系统和资源的保护，管理和开发）至关重要，