The development of population genomic approaches in non‐model species allows for renewed studies of the impact of reproductive systems and genetic drift on population diversity. Here, we investigate the genomic signatures of partial clonality in the deep water kelp Laminaria rodriguezii, known to reproduce by both sexual and asexual means. We compared these results with the species Laminaria digitata, a closely related species that differs by different traits, in particular its reproductive mode (no clonal reproduction). We analysed genome‐wide variation with dd‐RAD sequencing using 4,077 SNPs in L. rodriguezii and 7,364 SNPs in L. digitata. As predicted for partially clonal populations, we show that the distribution of F_IS within populations of L. rodriguezii is shifted toward negative values, with a high number of loci showing heterozygote excess. This finding is the opposite of what we observed within sexual populations of L. digitata, characterized by a generalized deficit in heterozygotes. Furthermore, we observed distinct distributions of F_IS among populations of L. rodriguezii, which is congruent with the predictions of theoretical models for different levels of clonality and genetic drift. These findings highlight that the empirical distribution of F_IS is a promising feature for the genomic study of asexuality in natural populations. Our results also show that the populations of L. rodriguezii analysed here are genetically differentiated and probably isolated. Our study provides a conceptual framework to investigate partial clonality on the basis of RAD‐sequencing SNPs. These results could be obtained without any reference genome, and are therefore of interest for various non‐model species.

中文翻译：

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深海海带Laminaria rodriguezii中克隆性的基因组特征

非模型物种中种群基因组学方法的发展使得人们可以重新研究生殖系统和遗传漂移对种群多样性的影响。在这里，我们研究了深水海带海带Laminaria rodriguezii中部分克隆性的基因组特征，已知通过性和无性繁殖。我们将这些结果与Laminaria digitata物种进行了比较，后者是一个紧密相关的物种，其特征有所不同，特别是其繁殖方式（无克隆繁殖）。我们使用L中的4,077个SNP用dd-RAD测序分析了全基因组变异。rodriguezii和在7364个SNP大号。指骨。如对部分克隆种群的预测，我们表明F _IS在L种群中的分布。杆状菌向负值转移，大量基因座显示杂合子过量。这个发现与我们在L的有性种群中观察到的相反。指状，以杂合子的普遍缺陷为特征。此外，我们观察到L _IS种群之间F _IS的明显分布。罗德里格齐，这与克隆水平和遗传漂移水平不同的理论模型的预测是一致的。这些发现突出表明，F _IS的经验分布是自然人群中无性恋基因组研究的一个有前途的特征。我们的结果还表明L的种群。在这里分析的rodriguezii是遗传分化的，并且可能是分离的。我们的研究提供了一个概念框架，用于在RAD测序SNP的基础上研究部分克隆性。这些结果可以在没有任何参考基因组的情况下获得，因此对于各种非模型物种都很有意义。