During the COVID-19 lockdowns, home deliveries have changed from being a desirable luxury or comfortable solution to a health-supporting and essential service for many COVID-19 at-risk populations. However, not all households are equal in terms of access to home deliveries. The onset of COVID-19 has brought to light access inequalities that preceded the pandemic and that the COVID-19 lockdown has exacerbated and made visible. The concept of home-based accessibility (HBA) is introduced, and novel research questions are addressed: (i) What type of households had zero home deliveries before COVID-19 lockdown? (ii) How the COVID-19 lockdown affected the type of households that receive home deliveries? and (iii) What are the implications of no access to home delivery services in terms of equity and environmental justice? To answer the first two questions, exploratory and confirmatory models with latent variables are estimated utilizing data collected from an online survey representative of the population in the Portland metropolitan region. Policy and environmental equity implications are discussed using the concept of home-based accessibility (HBA). The results indicate that traditionally underserved populations are less likely to benefit from home-based delivery services and that COVID-19 has worsened home delivery inequalities for underserved populations.

在 COVID-19 封锁期间，送货上门已从理想的奢侈或舒适解决方案转变为对许多 COVID-19 高危人群的健康支持和基本服务。然而，并非所有家庭在获得送货上门服务方面都是平等的。COVID-19 的出现揭示了大流行之前存在的获取不平等现象，而 COVID-19 封锁加剧并变得明显。引入了基于家庭的可访问性 (HBA) 的概念，并解决了新的研究问题：(i) 在 COVID-19 封锁之前，什么类型的家庭的送货上门率是零？(ii) COVID-19 封锁如何影响接受送货上门的家庭类型？(iii) 就公平和环境正义而言，无法获得送货上门服务有何影响？为回答前两个问题，利用从代表波特兰都会区人口的在线调查中收集的数据来估计具有潜在变量的探索性和验证性模型。使用基于家庭的可访问性 (HBA) 的概念讨论政策和环境公平的影响。结果表明，传统上服务不足的人群不太可能从家庭送货服务中受益，而 COVID-19 加剧了服务不足人群的送货上门不平等现象。利用从代表波特兰都会区人口的在线调查中收集的数据，估计具有潜在变量的探索性和验证性模型。使用基于家庭的可访问性 (HBA) 的概念讨论政策和环境公平的影响。结果表明，传统上服务不足的人群不太可能从家庭送货服务中受益，而 COVID-19 加剧了服务不足人群的送货上门不平等现象。利用从代表波特兰都会区人口的在线调查中收集的数据，估计具有潜在变量的探索性和验证性模型。使用基于家庭的可访问性 (HBA) 的概念讨论政策和环境公平的影响。结果表明，传统上服务不足的人群不太可能从家庭送货服务中受益，而 COVID-19 加剧了服务不足人群的送货上门不平等现象。