Management of restored areas requires ecologically meaningful spatial data providing objective measures of restoration success. Understanding relationships between species diversity on the one hand and habitat heterogeneity and productivity on the other can help establish such measures and prioritize restoration management. We used airborne LiDAR and hyperspectral data to derive characteristics of vegetation structure, primary productivity and senescent vegetation (i.e. old dead vegetation) for prediction of richness and rarity of bird communities colonizing newly available habitats restored after coal mining. In addition, we analysed, which type of restoration (i.e. agricultural, forest, or spontaneous succession) results in more favourable conditions. The boosted regression trees explained 52% and 12% of deviance of overall species richness and rarity, respectively. We found that the overall species richness was strongly affected by the variance in vegetation structure, while the rarity was also affected by the presence of senescent vegetation. The relative importance of variables differed between the richness and rarity. The shrub cover had a strong positive effect on both, while the tree cover had a strong positive effect on species richness. The herbaceous cover and presence of senescent vegetation had positive effects on species rarity. This study, therefore, supports the necessity to create a mosaic of habitats with heterogeneous vertical structure including all layers of vegetation and highlights the importance of senescent vegetation. Combination of forests restoration with sites left to spontaneous succession appears to be the best strategy to increase both bird species richness and rarity in newly restored sites after coal mining.

恢复区域的管理需要具有生态意义的空间数据，以提供恢复成功的客观指标。一方面了解物种多样性与生境异质性和生产力之间的关系，可以帮助制定此类措施并优先进行恢复管理。我们使用机载LiDAR和高光谱数据来推导植被结构，主要生产力和衰老植被（即旧的死植被）的特征，以预测在煤矿开采后恢复的可利用的新栖息地的鸟类群落的丰富性和稀有性。此外，我们分析了哪种类型的恢复（即农业，森林或自然演替）会带来更有利的条件。增强后的回归树分别解释了物种丰富度和稀有度偏差的52％和12％。我们发现总体物种丰富度受植被结构变化的强烈影响，而稀有度也受到衰老植被的存在的影响。变量的相对重要性在丰富度和稀有度之间有所不同。灌木覆盖对两者都有很强的积极作用，而树木覆盖对物种丰富性有很强的积极作用。草本覆盖和衰老植被的存在对物种稀有性具有积极影响。因此，这项研究支持建立包括所有植被层的具有垂直异构结构的生境的必要性，并强调了衰老植被的重要性。