The frequency and duration of exposure to acrylamide (AA) from the environment and diet are associated with a range of adverse health effects. However, whether long-term AA exposure is related to diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unknown. Data from 3577 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 and 2013–2016 aged ≥ 20 years was analysed. The main analyses applied multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to investigate the associations between DM and AA haemoglobin biomarkers, including haemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide (HbAA and HbGA), the sum of HbAA and HbGA (HbAA + HbGA), and the ratio of HbGA to HbAA (HbGA/HbAA) levels. After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for DM comparing the highest with the lowest AA haemoglobin biomarker quartiles were 0.71 (0.55, 0.93), 0.92 (0.71, 1.18), 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) and 1.95 (1.51, 2.51) for HbAA, HbGA, HbAA + HbGA and HbGA/HbAA, respectively. The restricted cubic spline model demonstrated that HbAA was linearly and inversely associated with risk of DM (P for trend = 0.013), while HbGA/HbAA was nonlinearly and positively associated with the prevalence of DM (P for trend <0.001). These results support for epidemiological evidence that the HbAA and HbGA/HbAA are significantly associated with DM. Further studies are warranted to infer the causal role of AA exposure in the prevalence of DM.

从环境和饮食中接触丙烯酰胺（AA）的频率和持续时间与一系列不良健康影响相关。但是，长期AA暴露是否与糖尿病（DM）有关仍是未知的。在2005-2006年和2013-2016年的年龄≥20岁的国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）中，分析了3577名成年人的数据。主要分析应用多元logistic回归和受限三次样条模型研究DM和AA血红蛋白生物标志物之间的关系，包括丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺的血红蛋白加合物（HbAA和HbGA），HbAA和HbGA的总和（HbAA + HbGA）以及HbGA与HbAA的比例（HbGA / HbAA）。经过多变量调整后，DM的最高与最低的AA血红蛋白生物标志物四分位数相比较的DM的优势比（95％置信区间）为0.71（0.55，0.93），0.92（0.71、1.18），0.80（0.62、1.03）和1.95（1.51、2.51）分别为HbAA，HbGA，HbAA + HbGA和HbGA / HbAA。限制性三次样条曲线模型表明HbAA与DM的风险呈线性和反向关系（趋势的P = 0.013），而HbGA / HbAA与DM的发生呈非线性正相关（趋势<0.001的P）。这些结果支持了HbAA和HbGA / HbAA与DM显着相关的流行病学证据。有必要进行进一步的研究来推断AA暴露在DM患病率中的因果作用。