A heterogeneous catalyst, composed of an open-cell glass foam support impregnated with zerovalent ruthenium nanoparticles (loading around 0.1 wt.%), was used to remove toluene in air by catalytic ozonation. Experiments with lab-designed 2−6 cm length and 1.6 cm diameter catalysts were performed. A model based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, coupled with mass transfer limitations and including competitive effects between toluene and ozone, was designed. It accurately fits experimental data gathered at various temperatures (30−90 °C), gas velocities (0.0025−0.017 m s⁻¹) and inlet ozone concentrations (6.4–11.2 g m⁻³). The removal of ozone and toluene was mainly ruled by the ozone concentration at low concentrations while the adsorption competition becomes significant at high ozone concentrations.

Predictive simulations, at 1.0 g m⁻³ inlet toluene concentration, were compared in terms of investment cost, operating cost and process performances. The results highlighted the complexity of the process, which involves antagonist aims between toluene removal and the design of a compact and energy-efficient reactor. With the best operating conditions (90 °C and 46 g m⁻³ ozone inlet concentration), the removal of toluene reached 88% (removal rate of 0.25 g m⁻³ s⁻¹) with a high ozone degradation (97%) in a moderate reactor length of 0.11 m. These good performances associated to the low cost of the catalyst’s synthesis make it an efficient alternative for the removal of pollutants from air.

由浸渍有零价钌纳米颗粒（负载量约0.1 wt。％）的开孔玻璃泡沫载体组成的非均相催化剂用于通过催化臭氧化作用去除空气中的甲苯。使用实验室设计的2-6 cm长和1.6 cm直径的催化剂进行了实验。设计了一个基于Langmuir-Hinshelwood机理的模型，结合了传质限制​​，包括甲苯和臭氧之间的竞争效应。它精确地拟合了在各种温度（30-90°C），气体速度（0.0025-0.017 ms ^-1）和入口臭氧浓度（6.4-11.2 gm ^-3）下收集的实验数据）。臭氧和甲苯的去除主要是由低浓度的臭氧浓度决定的，而吸附竞争在高浓度的臭氧时变得很明显。

在投资成本，运营成本和工艺性能方面，对进口甲苯浓度为1.0 gm ^-3时的预测模拟进行了比较。结果强调了该方法的复杂性，这涉及到在去除甲苯和设计紧凑且节能的反应器之间的对抗性目标。在最佳操作条件下（90°C和46 gm ^-3臭氧入口浓度），甲苯的去除率达到88％（去除率0.25 gm ^-3 s ^-1），并且在中等温度下臭氧降解率很高（97％）。反应器长度为0.11 m。这些与催化剂合成低成本相关的良好性能使其成为从空气中去除污染物的有效替代方法。