Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are fundamental in the atmospheric reactions, producing tropospheric ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). We evaluated the hydrocarbons (HCs) near a petrochemical and industrial complex (PIC) in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP). Air samples were hourly collected in two different sites during different days, 2016–2017. The most abundant compounds were toluene (1.5 ± 1.1 ppb_v), cis-2-hexene (1.4 ± 1.9 ppb_v), benzene (0.55 ± 0.66 ppb_v), and m+p-xylene (0.58 ± 0.3 ppb_v). HC concentrations observed at the BTP site (industrial) were approximately two times higher than those at the UFABC site (traffic). The aromatics presented the highest contribution at BTP (58%) and UFABC (56%). In addition, our comparison with other industrial areas worldwide showed a good agreement in the HC profile with Japan and the USA, suggesting the presence of similar emission sources. BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p- and o-xylenes) correlations and ratios showed that despite vehicular emissions were the main sources of these compounds around PIC, there is the influence from industrial sources among others. Finally, to evaluate the potential impacts associated to PIC emissions, the formation of secondary pollutants was analyzed. Aromatic compounds represented ~98% and ~68% of the total SOA and O₃ formation estimation, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for benzene was 5.75 × 10⁻⁶ and 4.25 × 10⁻⁶ for BTP and UFABC, respectively, which exceeds the US EPA recommendation (<1 × 10⁻⁶) and could negatively affect the populations health in this region

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中文翻译：

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巴西圣保罗大都市区某石化厂附近的非甲烷碳氢化合物

挥发性有机化合物（VOC）是大气反应的基础，会产生对流层臭氧（O ₃）和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）。我们评估了圣保罗（MASP）大都市区石化和工业园区（PIC）附近的碳氢化合物（HCs）。在2016-2017年的不同日期，每小时在两个不同的地点每小时收集一次空气样本。最丰富的化合物是甲苯（1.5±1.1 ppb _v），顺式-2-己烯（1.4±1.9 ppb _v），苯（0.55±0.66 ppb _v）和m +对二甲苯（0.58±0.3 ppb _v））。在BTP站点（工业）观察到的HC浓度大约是UFABC站点（交通）的HC浓度的两倍。芳香族化合物在BTP（58％）和UFABC（56％）上的贡献最大。此外，我们与全球其他工业领域的比较表明，与日本和美国的HC概况吻合良好，表明存在类似的排放源。BTEX（苯，甲苯，乙苯，间+对-和邻-二甲苯）的相关性和比率表明，尽管车辆排放是PIC周围这些化合物的主要来源，但仍受到工业来源的影响。最后，为了评估与事先知情同意排放有关的潜在影响，分析了次级污染物的形成。芳香族化合物占SOA和O ₃总量的〜98％和〜68％地层估计。苯的终生癌症风险（LCR）分别为BTP和UFABC，分别为5.75×10 ^-6和4.25×10 ^-6，这超出了美国EPA的建议（<1×10 ^-6），可能会对居民的健康产生负面影响。这个地区

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