This essay situates Weber’s 1917 lecture Science as a Vocation in relevant historical contexts. The first context is thought about the changing nature of the scientific role and its place in institutions of higher education, and attention is drawn to broadly similar sentiments expressed by Thorstein Veblen. The second context is that of scientific naturalism and materialism and related sentiments about the “conflicts” between natural science and religion. Finally, there is the context of Weber’s lecture as a performance played out before a specific academic audience at the University of Munich, and the essay suggests the pertinence of that performance to an appreciation of the lecture’s meaning.

中文翻译：

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韦伯的科学作为一种职业：“是”和“应该”的历史时刻

本文将韦伯 1917 年的演讲《科学作为职业》置于相关历史背景中。第一个背景是关于科学角色的不断变化的性质及其在高等教育机构中的地位，并引起了托尔斯坦·凡勃伦 (Thorstein Veblen) 表达的大致相似的观点的注意。第二种语境是科学自然主义和唯物主义以及有关自然科学与宗教“冲突”的相关情绪。最后，Weber 讲座的背景是在慕尼黑大学的特定学术观众面前进行的一场表演，这篇文章表明了该表演与对讲座意义的理解的相关性。