There are two influential and opposing theological paradigms concerning the relationship between God's love and punitive wrath. According to the first paradigm, which is here labelled the ‘divergent account’, God may sometimes punish an individual in a manner that is opposed to his love. Alternatively, there is the ‘unitary account’, according to which God's punitive wrath is an expression of love that seeks the creature's good. In the present article, an argument for the unitary account is provided, and a fresh way of understanding God's punishment therein is considered. The article proceeds as follows. In the first section, a dominant motivation for the divergent account is distilled through an examination of the writings of Emil Brunner. This motivation is then rejected and the unitary account is defended in the next section, in light of the New Testament ethic of love. In the third section, the work of Gregory of Nyssa and the contemporary philosopher R.A. Duff is utilized to develop a communicative theory of God's punishment, which illuminates and fortifies the unitary account. In the final section, the unitary account, together with the communicative theory of divine punishment, is applied to the doctrine of hell.

中文翻译：

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慈爱的上帝如何惩罚？论神的爱与惩罚性忿怒的统一

关于上帝的爱和惩罚性忿怒之间的关系，有两种有影响力和对立的神学范式。根据第一个范式，这里被称为“不同的解释”，上帝有时可能会以一种与他的爱相反的方式惩罚一个人。或者，还有“统一记载”，根据这种说法，上帝的惩罚性愤怒是一种寻求受造物利益的爱的表达。在这篇文章中，提供了一个单一帐户的论据，并考虑了一种理解上帝惩罚的新方法。文章如下。在第一部分中，通过对埃米尔·布伦纳 (Emil Brunner) 的着作的检查，提炼出不同观点的主要动机。然后拒绝这种动机，并在下一节中捍卫单一帐户，根据新约爱的伦理。在第三部分，尼萨的格雷戈里和当代哲学家 RA 达夫的工作被用来发展上帝惩罚的交流理论，它阐明和加强了统一的叙述。在最后一部分，统一的叙述，连同神罚的交际理论，被应用于地狱的教义。