Abstract:Scholarship unanimously asserts that the referent of πνεῦμα in Mark 2:8 and 8:12 is Jesus's human spirit. This study in Markan anthropology examines whether the evidence supports this verdict beyond reasonable doubt. Although a reference to Jesus's human spirit is correct, scholarship has not recognised that the divine spirit is in the background. Both external evidence from early Jewish traditions and internal evidence from Mark's Gospel point to a secondary referent of the divine spirit. The argument is that the "human spirit" is not strictly an anthropological category in Mark, but always related to the divine.

中文翻译：

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根据早期犹太传统，马可福音 2:8 和 8:12 中 πνεῦμα 的指称：马坎人类学研究

摘要：奖学金一致断言，马可福音2:8和8:12中πνεῦμα所指的对象是耶稣的人性精神。马尔坎人类学中的这项研究检查了证据是否支持这一判断，排除了合理怀疑。虽然提到耶稣的人的精神是正确的，但学术界并没有认识到神圣的精神在背后。来自早期犹太传统的外在证据和来自马可福音的内在证据都指向神圣精神的次要参照物。论点是，“人的精神”在马可福音中并非严格意义上的人类学范畴，而始终与神有关。