Whether Kant’s late legal theory and his theory of race are contradictory in their account of colonialism has been a much-debated question that is also of highest importance for the evaluation of the Enlightenment’s contribution to Europe’s colonial expansion and the dispossession and enslavement of native and black peoples. This article discusses the problem by introducing the discourse on barbarism. This neglected discourse is the original and traditional European colonial vocabulary and served the justification of colonialism from ancient Greece throughout the Renaissance to the eighteenth century. Kant’s explicit rejection of this discourse and its prejudices reveals his early critical stance toward colonial judgements of native peoples even before he developed his legal theory. This development of his critical position can be traced in his writings on race: although he makes racist statements in these texts, his theory of race is not meant to ground moral judgements on ‘races’ or a racial hierarchy but to defend the unity of mankind under the given empirical reality of colonial hierarchies.

中文翻译：

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康德论种族与野蛮：走向更复杂的康德种族主义与反殖民主义观点

康德晚期的法律理论和他的种族理论在他们对殖民主义的描述中是否矛盾一直是一个备受争议的问题，对于评估启蒙运动对欧洲殖民扩张以及对土著和黑人的剥夺和奴役的贡献也是最重要的人们。本文通过介绍野蛮的话语来讨论这个问题。这种被忽视的话语是原始的和传统的欧洲殖民词汇，并为从文艺复兴时期到十八世纪的古希腊殖民主义辩护。康德对这种话语及其偏见的明确拒绝揭示了他在发展他的法律理论之前就对土著人民的殖民判断的早期批判立场。