Marian apparitions and devotions since the early 19th century have been unique enough to consider them on their own terms. In what devotees have dubbed the “Marian Age,” apparitions tend toward conservative politics and messages; a context of struggle; ambiguous attitudes toward modernity, globalization, and technology; and apocalyptic worldviews. Many of these modern apparitions are interconnected, becoming validated through their overlaps, continuities, and congruencies alongside—and often outside—traditional channels of Roman Catholic Church leadership. Apparitions and the devotional cultures associated with them raise for scholars important questions, including the problem of how they should be categorized and studied.

中文翻译：

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当代玛丽安幻影和灵修文化

自19世纪初期以来，玛丽安的奉献和奉献精神就足以以他们自己的眼光来看待它们了。在奉献者称为“玛丽亚时代”的时代，幻影倾向于保守的政治和信息。斗争的背景；对现代性，全球化和技术的昧态度；和世界末日的世界观。这些现代派中的许多派别是相互联系的，通过它们之间的重叠，连续性和一致性而得到证实，而罗马天主教领导层的传统渠道通常（在外部）也是如此。幻影和与之相关的虔诚文化为学者们提出了重要的问题，包括如何对其进行分类和研究的问题。