This article examines the relationship between mass resettlement and political conflict. The author theorizes that states can use mass resettlement to extend control over contested frontiers. Settlers whose land rights are politically contested will disproportionately participate in violence to defend the incumbent regime. The theory is tested using data on resettlement and violence in postcolonial Rwanda. The author shows that the Hutu revolutionary regime resettled some 450,000 Hutus after independence to frontier and Tutsi-dominated areas to defend itself against external Tutsi militias. The author contends that the invasion of the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) in the 1990s threatened the Hutu settler population because the RPF sought the repatriation of Tutsis onto redistributed land and that consequent land insecurity incentivized violence against Tutsis in 1994. The article identifies the positive effect of resettlement on locality violence during the genocide via a geographic regression discontinuity design. A process tracing of one notoriously violent resettled commune supports the theorized causal sequence. In light of these findings, the author suggests that research should refocus on the way that conflict shapes ethnic demography and that, to understand participation in state-sponsored violence, scholars should attend to the threat posed by regime change to individual livelihoods.

中文翻译：

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大规模移民和政治暴力

本文考察了大规模移民与政治冲突之间的关系。作者推测，国家可以使用大规模重新安置来扩大对有争议的边界的控制。土地权利受到政治争议的定居者将不成比例地参与暴力以捍卫现任政权。该理论使用后殖民卢旺达的重新安置和暴力数据进行了测试。作者指出，胡图族革命政权在独立后将大约 45 万胡图人重新安置到边境和图西族控制的地区，以抵御外部图西族民兵。作者认为，1990 年代图西人领导的卢旺达爱国阵线 (RPF) 的入侵威胁到胡图族定居者人口，因为 RPF 寻求将图西人遣返到重新分配的土地上，而随之而来的土地不安全刺激了 1994 年针对图西人的暴力行为。 文章通过地理回归不连续性设计，确定了在种族灭绝期间重新安置对地方暴力的积极影响。对一个臭名昭著的暴力重新安置公社的过程追踪支持了理论化的因果序列。鉴于这些发现，作者建议研究应重新关注冲突塑造种族人口的方式，为了理解参与国家支持的暴力，学者们应该关注政权更迭对个人生计构成的威胁。本文通过地理回归不连续设计确定了种族灭绝期间重新安置对地方暴力的积极影响。对一个臭名昭著的暴力重新安置公社的过程追踪支持了理论化的因果序列。鉴于这些发现，作者建议研究应重新关注冲突塑造种族人口的方式，为了理解参与国家支持的暴力，学者们应该关注政权更迭对个人生计构成的威胁。本文通过地理回归不连续设计确定了种族灭绝期间重新安置对地方暴力的积极影响。对一个臭名昭著的暴力重新安置公社的过程追踪支持了理论化的因果序列。鉴于这些发现，作者建议研究应重新关注冲突塑造种族人口的方式，为了理解参与国家支持的暴力，学者们应该关注政权更迭对个人生计构成的威胁。