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Explaining extremism: Western women in Daesh
European Journal of International Security Pub Date : 2017-10-19 , DOI: 10.1017/eis.2017.13
Meredith Loken , Anna Zelenz

Women participate extensively in armed, Islamist struggle. In recent years, foreign women have travelled from the West to join Daesh. Their participation perplexes policymakers, government officials, and researchers who call attention to the group’s gendered regulation, violence, and widespread use of rape. Consequently, observers often argue that women are deceived by the organisation or seduced by the promise of romance. This suggests that women would not, under rational circumstances, choose to join the group. In this article, we address two resultant questions: why do Western women join Daesh? Are their motivations distinct from other Islamist recruits? Using an original dataset of social media activity from 17 Western female recruits between 2011–15, we conclude that women are primarily driven by religious ideology that adopts an expressly gendered frame. We find that feelings of isolation and disaffection also drive migration. We suggest that female foreign recruits are not unique in their motivations and share many similarities with male fighters and women in other Islamist organisations. This research has valuable implications for security studies and counterterrorism, which tend to treat extremist women as unique. Female recruits should be taken seriously as insurgents intent on establishing an Islamic caliphate.

中文翻译:

解释极端主义:Daesh 中的西方女性

妇女广泛参与武装的伊斯兰斗争。近年来,外国妇女从西方前往加入伊斯兰国。他们的参与让政策制定者、政府官员和研究人员感到困惑,他们呼吁关注该组织的性别监管、暴力和广泛使用强奸。因此,观察家经常争辩说,女性被组织欺骗或被浪漫的承诺所诱惑。这表明,在合理的情况下,女性不会选择加入这个群体。在这篇文章中,我们解决了两个由此产生的问题:为什么西方女性会加入伊斯兰国?他们的动机与其他伊斯兰新兵不同吗?使用 2011-15 年间 17 名西方女性新兵的社交媒体活动原始数据集,我们得出的结论是,女性主要受采用明确性别框架的宗教意识形态驱动。我们发现孤立感和不满情绪也会推动移民。我们认为,女性外国新兵的动机并不是独一无二的,并且与其他伊斯兰组织中的男性战士和女性有许多相似之处。这项研究对安全研究和反恐具有重要意义,这些研究倾向于将极端主义女性视为独特的。应认真对待女性新兵,因为她们是意图建立伊斯兰哈里发的叛乱分子。这项研究对安全研究和反恐具有重要意义,这些研究倾向于将极端主义女性视为独特的。应认真对待女性新兵,因为她们是意图建立伊斯兰哈里发的叛乱分子。这项研究对安全研究和反恐具有重要意义,这些研究倾向于将极端主义女性视为独特的。应认真对待女性新兵,因为她们是意图建立伊斯兰哈里发的叛乱分子。
更新日期:2017-10-19
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