As COVID-19 continues to pose significant public health threats, quantifying the effectiveness of different public health interventions is crucial to inform intervention strategies. Using detailed epidemiological and mobility data available for New York City and comprehensive modelling accounting for under-detection, we reconstruct the COVID-19 transmission dynamics therein during the 2020 spring pandemic wave and estimate the effectiveness of two major non-pharmaceutical interventions—lockdown-like measures that reduce contact rates and universal masking. Lockdown-like measures were associated with greater than 50% transmission reduction for all age groups. Universal masking was associated with an approximately 7% transmission reduction overall and up to 20% reduction for 65+ year olds during the first month of implementation. This result suggests that face covering can substantially reduce transmission when lockdown-like measures are lifted but by itself may be insufficient to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Overall, findings support the need to implement multiple interventions simultaneously to effectively mitigate COVID-19 spread before the majority of population can be protected through mass-vaccination.

随着 COVID-19 继续对公共卫生构成重大威胁，量化不同公共卫生干预措施的有效性对于制定干预策略至关重要。利用纽约市可用的详细流行病学和流动性数据以及针对检测不足的综合建模，我们重建了 2020 年春季大流行浪潮期间其中的 COVID-19 传播动态，并估计了两种主要非药物干预措施（类似封锁）的有效性减少接触率和普遍佩戴口罩的措施。类似封锁的措施与所有年龄段的传播减少超过 50% 相关。在实施的第一个月内，全民屏蔽总体上使传播减少了约 7%，对于 65 岁以上人群，传播减少了高达 20%。这一结果表明，当解除类似封锁的措施时，遮盖面部可以大大减少传播，但其本身可能不足以控制 SARS-CoV-2 的传播。总体而言，研究结果支持需要同时实施多种干预措施，以有效减缓 COVID-19 的传播，然后才能通过大规模疫苗接种保护大多数人口。