The identification and diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is extremely important in order to help change the trajectory of an individual’s life outcomes. A review of the current state of evidence-based assessment of ADHD is dominated by the DSM-5’s conceptualization of behaviorally-oriented diagnostic criteria. This assumption that the DSM-5’s method for identifying ADHD is the gold standard underlies the research base that evaluates the incremental validity of measures and methods for diagnosing it. That is, when evaluating whether a measure is useful in the identification of ADHD, the ‘right answer’ is based on the DSM-5’s behaviorally-oriented definition. An alternative model for considering the fact that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, with its roots in executive dysfunction, is proposed. Using neuropsychological and cognitive tests to identify executive functioning problems can be combined with rating scales and interviews to diagnose ADHD in a way that does not ascribe entirely to a behavioral definition of the disorder.

注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的识别和诊断对于帮助改变个人生活结果的轨迹非常重要。DSM-5 对行为导向诊断标准的概念化主导了对 ADHD 循证评估现状的审查。DSM-5 用于识别 ADHD 的方法是黄金标准的假设是评估措施和诊断方法的增量有效性的研究基础的基础。也就是说，在评估一项措施是否对识别 ADHD 有用时，“正确答案”是基于 DSM-5 的行为导向定义。提出了一种替代模型，用于考虑 ADHD 是一种神经发育障碍，其根源在于执行功能障碍。