Deciphering the triggering mechanisms of violent explosive activity is of broad interest for understanding the dynamics of basaltic open-vent volcanic systems. For nearly 1300 years Stromboli has been renowned not only for its continuous degassing activity and mild explosions at the summit craters, but also for short-lived, violent explosive events of variable scale, known as major explosions and paroxysms. Here, we focus on the 1456 and 1930 paroxysms and on the most recent events, in July and August 2019 at Stromboli. We show that shallow phenomena such as flank collapse, lava outpouring through fractures opening, or partial emptying of the shallow conduit, only speed up volatile-rich magma ascent by increasing the decompression rate, whereas pressurization of the crustal system and the deep refilling by magma and its CO₂-rich gas phase play a major role in triggering paroxysms. Moreover, we present new data on the geochemistry of the 2019 bulk pumice, along with a compilation of data from the literature, chemical profiles in olivine crystals, and the physical parameters of explosive eruptions of wide ranging magnitude and intensity. For small and large paroxysms, timescales were derived from Fe–Mg diffusion profiles in olivine. In both types of explosion, the last phases of crystallization-diffusion indicate rapid magma ascent rates of two to ten days prior to eruption. Trace element concentrations (Nb, La and Ba) and ratios (Rb/Th) indicate that the 2019 pumice samples plot in the domain of magma batches erupted within the last 20 years at Stromboli. As a whole, there is no correlation between magma geochemistry and magnitude or intensity of explosive eruptions, which span a range of ∼3 orders of magnitude (from major explosions to large paroxysms) based on estimates of erupted tephra volumes. In contrast, olivine compositions are a good proxy for erupted tephra volumes and magma flux. The correlation among physical and chemical parameters, which is valid for the overall spectrum of eruptions, implies that the magmatic source ultimately controls eruptive dynamics.

理解暴力爆炸活动的触发机制对于理解玄武岩开放式火山系统的动力学具有广泛的兴趣。在将近1300年的时间里，斯特龙博利（Stromboli）不仅以其持续的脱气活动和在山顶陨石坑的轻度爆炸而闻名，而且还因短暂，剧烈的规模可变的剧烈爆炸事件而闻名，这些爆炸事件被称为重大爆炸和阵发性爆炸。在这里，我们重点关注1456年和1930年的阵风以及最近的事件，这些事件发生在2019年7月和8月在Stromboli。我们发现，诸如侧翼坍塌，熔岩通过裂缝开裂倾泻或浅管道的部分排空之类的浅层现象仅通过增加减压速率来加速富含挥发物的岩浆上升，而地壳系统的增压和岩浆的深层充填及其CO₂富含气相在引发阵发性疾病中起主要作用。此外，我们提供了有关2019年散装浮石的地球化学的新数据，以及来自文献，橄榄石晶体中的化学分布以及大小和强度范围较大的爆炸性喷发的物理参数的数据汇编。对于小型和大型的阵发性疾病，时标是从橄榄石中的Fe–Mg扩散曲线得出的。在两种类型的爆炸中，结晶扩散的最后阶段表明喷发前两至十天的岩浆上升速度较快。痕量元素浓度（Nb，La和Ba）和比率（Rb / Th）表明，在最近20年中在Stromboli爆发的2019年浮石样品位于岩浆批次范围内。总体而言，岩浆地球化学与爆炸爆发的大小或强度之间没有关联，根据喷发量的估计，其范围约为3个数量级（从大爆炸到大型阵发）。相比之下，橄榄石成分可以很好地替代特非拉火山喷发量和岩浆通量。物理和化学参数之间的相关性对整个喷发光谱有效，这意味着岩浆源最终控制着喷发动力学。