ABSTRACT

Objective

We examined the predictive relation between childhood-diagnosed ADHD and trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from childhood to adulthood in an all-female sample, accounting for socioeconomic status (SES), childhood comorbidities (e.g., depression/anxiety), and stimulant usage. Childhood executive functioning (i.e., planning, sustained attention, and response inhibition) was also evaluated as a possible predictor of BMI trajectories.

Method

We utilized longitudinal data from a full sample of 140 girls diagnosed with ADHD in childhood and 88 comparison girls matched on age and ethnicity. Girls were 6–12 years old at the first assessment and followed prospectively for 16 years. Data were collected on their BMI and stimulant medication usage across four evaluation waves. Using latent growth curve modeling, we evaluated the BMI trajectories of girls with ADHD and the comparison sample from childhood to adulthood.

Results

Although there was no significant difference in initial childhood BMI, girls with ADHD increased in BMI at a significantly faster rate than comparison girls across development, even when adjusting for covariates. Significant differences in BMI first emerged in adolescence; by adulthood, 40.2% of the ADHD sample met criteria for obesity versus 15.4% of the comparison sample. When covarying ADHD diagnosis, executive functioning measures were not significantly predictive of BMI increase. Adjusting for stimulant medication usage within the ADHD sample did not alter core findings.

Conclusions

We discuss health-related implications for girls with ADHD, potential underlying mechanisms, and how our findings may inform both ADHD and obesity interventions.

中文翻译：

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患有和不患有多动症的女孩的体重指数：从童年到成年的发育轨迹

摘要

客观的

我们在全女性样本中检查了儿童期诊断的 ADHD 与从儿童期到成年期的体重指数 (BMI) 轨迹之间的预测关系，并考虑了社会经济地位 (SES)、儿童期合并症（例如抑郁/焦虑）和兴奋剂用法。儿童执行功能（即计划、持续注意力和反应抑制）也被评估为 BMI 轨迹的可能预测因素。

方法

我们利用了 140 名童年时期被诊断患有 ADHD 的女孩的完整样本和 88 名年龄和种族相匹配的对照女孩的纵向数据。第一次评估时女孩年龄为 6-12 岁，并前瞻性随访了 16 年。在四轮评估中收集了他们的体重指数和兴奋剂药物使用情况的数据。使用潜在生长曲线模型，我们评估了患有多动症的女孩和比较样本从童年到成年的BMI轨迹。

结果

尽管儿童期初始体重指数没有显着差异，但患有多动症的女孩在整个发育过程中体重指数的增长速度明显快于对照女孩，即使在调整协变量时也是如此。BMI 的显着差异首先出现在青春期；成年后，40.2% 的 ADHD 样本符合肥胖标准，而对照样本中这一比例为 15.4%。当 ADHD 诊断共变时，执行功能测量并不能显着预测 BMI 的增加。对 ADHD 样本中兴奋剂药物的使用进行调整并没有改变核心发现。

结论

我们讨论了对患有多动症的女孩的健康相关影响、潜在的潜在机制，以及我们的研究结果如何为多动症和肥胖干预提供信息。