While prior research shows how community-based organizations (CBO’s) create new social ties and solidarities, we know less about CBO’s that formalize preexisting relationships of care. Analyzing transgender nonprofits as a strategic case, this article develops the concept of kinship organizations: organizations that incorporate norms, networks, and resources from kinship systems into a formal organization that provides regular social services. Drawing on 7 months of ethnography and 36 formal interviews with staff and clients, I explore how transgender kinship organizations function, develop, and impact broader transgender community. Kinship organizations are highly responsive to crisis, are able to leverage personal and organizational resources, and are therefore capable of providing personalized rapid-response care to very precarious transgender people. On the other hand, subsuming kinship within a nonprofit transforms relationships of mutual care into unidirectional service relationships and relationships of chosen family into work-based hierarchies. This account of kinship organizations contributes to the theory on organizational development and provides new conceptual tools for analyzing boundaries between organizations and communities.

尽管先前的研究表明社区组织（CBO's）如何建立新的社会联系和团结，但我们对正规化已有护理关系的CBO's知之甚少。本文将跨性别的非营利组织作为战略案例进行分析，提出了亲属组织的概念：将规范，网络和资源从亲属系统整合到提供常规社会服务的正式组织中的组织。通过七个月的人种志研究以及对员工和客户的36次正式访谈，我探索了跨性别亲属组织如何运作，发展和影响更广泛的跨性别社区。亲属关系组织对危机反应灵敏，能够利用个人和组织资源，因此能够为非常不稳定的跨性别者提供个性化的快速响应护理。另一方面，将亲属关系纳入非营利组织可将相互照护的关系转换为单向服务关系，并将所选家庭的关系转换为基于工作的层次结构。对亲属组织的这种描述为组织发展理论做出了贡献，并为分析组织与社区之间的边界提供了新的概念工具。