Abstract

Regulation of estrus plays a crucial role in the livestock industry. It is reported that providing better nutrition can induce early estrus in animals. However, little is known about the major endocrine and physiological mechanisms that could enhance estrus in anestrus animals. Hence in the current research two different groups of yaks, non-breeding season (February–June, NBS) estrus yaks as the experiment group and breeding season (July–September, BS) estrus animals as the control group were compared using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique. Study displayed that cold season supplementation significantly improved growth performance, serum biochemical indicators and reproductive hormone concentrations in yaks. We also identified 25 differentially expressed proteins in yak serum using iTRAQ proteomics. Go and KEGG analysis indicated that calcium signaling pathway and beta-alanine metabolism may be candidate pathways for seasonal estrus induced by nutrition. Differential protein expression was validated using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The results of this study initially identified A2M, IGF2, A1BG and APOA1 as candidate proteins for seasonal estrus induced by nutrition. Altogether, In conclusion, our results show that providing additional nutrients in the cold season can improve yak productivity and reproductive efficiency, and provide a new reference.

摘要

发情调控在畜牧业中起着至关重要的作用。据报道，提供更好的营养可以诱导动物早期发情。然而，人们对促进动情动物发情的主要内分泌和生理机制知之甚少。因此，在目前的研究中，使用等压标签比较了两组不同的牦牛，非繁殖季节（2-6月，NBS）发情牦牛作为实验组和繁殖季节（7-9月，BS）发情动物作为对照组用于相对和绝对定量 (iTRAQ) 技术。研究表明，寒冷季节的补充显着改善了牦牛的生长性能、血清生化指标和生殖激素浓度。我们还使用 iTRAQ 蛋白质组学鉴定了牦牛血清中的 25 种差异表达蛋白质。Go和KEGG分析表明，钙信号通路和β-丙氨酸代谢可能是营养诱导季节性发情的候选通路。使用平行反应监测 (PRM) 验证差异蛋白表达。本研究结果初步确定 A2M、IGF2、A1BG 和 APOA1 是营养诱导的季节性发情的候选蛋白。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在寒冷季节提供额外的营养可以提高牦牛的生产力和繁殖效率，并提供新的参考。IGF2、A1BG 和 APOA1 作为营养诱导的季节性发情的候选蛋白。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在寒冷季节提供额外的营养可以提高牦牛的生产力和繁殖效率，并提供新的参考。IGF2、A1BG 和 APOA1 作为营养诱导的季节性发情的候选蛋白。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在寒冷季节提供额外的营养可以提高牦牛的生产力和繁殖效率，并提供新的参考。