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From unwanted squatters to good tenants: Ectosymbionts and their relationships with body condition of Atlantic Forest Passeriformes
Austral Ecology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 , DOI: 10.1111/aec.12997 Rafael de Oliveira Fratoni 1 , Gabriel Massaccesi De La Torre 1, 2 , Fernando José Ferneda Freitas 1, 3 , André de Camargo Guaraldo 1, 4 , Lilian Tonelli Manica 1
Austral Ecology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 , DOI: 10.1111/aec.12997 Rafael de Oliveira Fratoni 1 , Gabriel Massaccesi De La Torre 1, 2 , Fernando José Ferneda Freitas 1, 3 , André de Camargo Guaraldo 1, 4 , Lilian Tonelli Manica 1
Affiliation
Many organisms live in or on birds, with arthropods being the best studied ones. Ectosymbiotic arthropods may parasitise birds by feeding upon blood or feathers, thereby causing injury or competing for essential resources. Nevertheless, ectosymbionts sometimes cause no adverse effect to birds because they consume only excess preening oil, debris and microorganisms on feathers. The influence of these ectosymbionts on host body condition is still poorly understood, especially for species living in one of the most endangered biomes, the Atlantic Forest in South America. We tested for the relationships between ectosymbionts and host’s morphological traits: flight muscle condition, mass index and feather growth rate. We inspected the body surface of 282 individual birds of 45 understory‐dwelling species looking for ectosymbionts and estimated vane‐dwelling feather mite load in their remiges. We calculated ectosymbiont prevalence and mean infestation intensity in 193 individual birds from 11 species. In seven species (n = 106 individual birds), we tested for the relationship between ectosymbionts and morphological traits using generalised linear mixed models. We found a negative relationship between the presence of ectoparasites and the host pectoral muscle condition, supporting the parasitic nature of tissue‐feeding symbionts. Nevertheless, we found no relationship between vane‐dwelling feather mite loads and hosts’ morphological traits, which supports the hypothesis of likely commensalism between these organisms.
中文翻译:
从多余的屋到好租户:共生共轭体及其与大西洋森林Passformformes身体状况的关系
许多生物都生活在鸟类中或鸟类上,其中节肢动物是研究得最好的生物。异生共生节肢动物可能会通过采食血液或羽毛来寄生鸟类,从而造成伤害或争夺重要资源。尽管如此,胞外共生有时仍不会对禽类造成不利影响,因为它们仅消耗羽毛上过量的食用油,碎屑和微生物。这些外共生体对宿主身体状况的影响仍然知之甚少,特别是对于生活在最濒危的生物群落之一-南美大西洋森林中的物种而言。我们测试了外共生体与宿主形态特征之间的关系:飞行肌肉状况,质量指数和羽毛生长速率。我们检查了45种地下居住物种的282只个体鸟的体表,以寻找外生共生体,并估计其迁徙时叶片居住的羽毛螨的负荷。我们计算了11种193只个体禽中的共生菌患病率和平均侵染强度。在七个物种(n = 106只鸟),我们使用广义线性混合模型测试了共生菌与形态特征之间的关系。我们发现体外寄生虫的存在与宿主胸肌的状况之间存在负相关关系,这支持了以组织为食的共生体的寄生性质。但是,我们发现叶片上居住的羽毛螨负荷与寄主的形态特征之间没有关系,这支持了这些生物之间可能存在共鸣的假设。
更新日期:2021-02-23
中文翻译:
从多余的屋到好租户:共生共轭体及其与大西洋森林Passformformes身体状况的关系
许多生物都生活在鸟类中或鸟类上,其中节肢动物是研究得最好的生物。异生共生节肢动物可能会通过采食血液或羽毛来寄生鸟类,从而造成伤害或争夺重要资源。尽管如此,胞外共生有时仍不会对禽类造成不利影响,因为它们仅消耗羽毛上过量的食用油,碎屑和微生物。这些外共生体对宿主身体状况的影响仍然知之甚少,特别是对于生活在最濒危的生物群落之一-南美大西洋森林中的物种而言。我们测试了外共生体与宿主形态特征之间的关系:飞行肌肉状况,质量指数和羽毛生长速率。我们检查了45种地下居住物种的282只个体鸟的体表,以寻找外生共生体,并估计其迁徙时叶片居住的羽毛螨的负荷。我们计算了11种193只个体禽中的共生菌患病率和平均侵染强度。在七个物种(n = 106只鸟),我们使用广义线性混合模型测试了共生菌与形态特征之间的关系。我们发现体外寄生虫的存在与宿主胸肌的状况之间存在负相关关系,这支持了以组织为食的共生体的寄生性质。但是,我们发现叶片上居住的羽毛螨负荷与寄主的形态特征之间没有关系,这支持了这些生物之间可能存在共鸣的假设。